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Britain essay plans- slavery > Knowledge test > Flashcards

Knowledge test Flashcards

1
Q

Who created the society for effecting the abolition of the slave trade in 1787

A

Clarkson

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2
Q

how did Clarkson show his commitment to ending slavery in 1789 and how far did he travel??

A

Travelled to Paris to persuade the French government to end slavery.
-travelled 35,000 miles

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3
Q

What propaganda did Clarkson use to influenced parliament?

A
  • Slave ship brookes diagram

- Harnesses and shackles

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4
Q

How many ships and sailors did Clarkson see, and how many voyages were there altogether??

A

319 ships, 3000 sailors

35,000 voyages in total

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5
Q

What was passed in 1788 which improved conditions on slave ships but didn’t abolish slavery??

A

Dolben act

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6
Q

What did Clarkson do for equiano in 1789??

A

Encouraged him to publish his book which gave a first hand view of slavery and graphic descriptions of slavery

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7
Q

What was clarksons overall contribution to ending slavery??

A

Whilst he was a committed campaigner and was the driving force of SFEAST, alone he had a very limited impact on getting anything meaningful passed in parliament; the Dolben act only improved slave ship conditions and there is no clear evidence to suggest this was due to the work of Clarkson/ SFEAST. Slavery reintroduced by Napoleon in 1802, so overall failure

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8
Q

What MP from what constituency aided Clarkson and SFEAST?

A

William Wilberforce from Hull

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9
Q

How many abolition bills did Wilberforce put forward to parliament and how successful were they??

A

One every year between 1791-1799

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10
Q

How did Wilberforce advertise abolition?

A

Pamphlets, meetings, books and petitions

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11
Q

how many people in Manchester signed an abolition petition and in what year?

A

1787, 10,700 out of 50,000

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12
Q

how many anti slavery petitions were signed by 1792??

A

519

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13
Q

What was Wilberforce overall contribution to ending slavery??

A

He was the parliamentary driving force that campaigned from a parliamentary position, but the rejection of all his bills suggests an overall failure, as no improvements by 1800 were credible to him, SFEAST raised awareness but Wilberforce ultimately failed to delivery abolition in parliament

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14
Q

When was the Zong case and what happened??

A

1781- 400 slaves sailed from Africa to Jamaica and 133 died despite having 420 gallons of spare water on board

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15
Q

Who was the lead humanitarian leading the Zong case??

A

Granville sharp

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16
Q

How were the slaves referred to as being treated in the Zong case?

A

referred to as animals and cargo instead of humans

those who died were thrown overboard and discarded with no humility

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17
Q

What was Granville sharps contribution to the Zong Case??

A

Collected evidence to prosecute against Captain Collingwood but he failed to be prosecuted

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18
Q

What was sharps overall contribution to the slavery campaign??

A

He was an early abolitionist campaigner who raised awareness from the cause but ultimately failed to gain any tangible success. No evidence that he was linked to Wilberforce or Clarkson, only potential credit being keeping the abolition argument alive

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19
Q

How successful were abolition campaigners by 1800??

A

Despite determined efforts, societies, abolition bills and petitions, even from a member of parliament, they ultimately failed to have any tangible success other than the Dolben act, although theres no evidence to directly link this to Clarkson, Wilberforce or Sharp.

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20
Q

What was the competition between British and Cuban sugar??

A

British harvested sugar was blocked by Napoleon, whereas Cuba was able to continue trading under the US flag, they had lower costs and were more competitive, suggesting British sugar was declining in profit

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21
Q

Between 1799 and 1807, how many sugar plantations were abandoned and how many sold for debt?

A

65 British plants abandoned in Jamaica, 32 sold for debt

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22
Q

What was the size of Britains sugar surplus after Napoleon blocked it??

A

6000 tonnes

23
Q

How did the sugar crisis contribute towards the end of slavery?

A

-Export of sugar was integral to Britains economy, so when it became less competitive compared to Cuba, demand for slavery In Britain began to fall. It was becoming too costly to continue production of sugar using slavery, adding to why it ended

24
Q

What was discovered by parliament in 1807 about British sugar??

A

West Indies plants were producing at a loss

25
Q

How many slave ships experienced revolts and what was the economic results?

A

1 in 10 experienced results, damaging profit and cargo

26
Q

When was the St Domingue revolt, how many people were killed and how many plantations burned down??

A

August 1791- 12,000 people killed by slaves and 1000 plantations burned down

27
Q

What did the American war of independence advertise and how did it affect slavery??

A

Advertised freedom and liberty, changed the attitudes of many people towards slavery

28
Q

What was the average cost of investment for a ship??

A

£3153

29
Q

how much sugar did st Domingue produce compared to Britain??

A

produced double the amount of all of Britains sugar plants produced

30
Q

How did slave revolts and the American war of independence contribute to the end of slavery??

A

The slave revolts coincided with the American war of independence which made people question the morality of the slave trade especially in America. Demand for slavery began to die out in America. at this point the risks of slavery were too high compared with the return, and public attitude towards it was beginning to change too, increasing the argument for its decline

31
Q

What was the average return of a slave voyage and what fraction of European trade was involved with Liverpool??

A

20-50%

3/7ths

32
Q

How much was the slave trade bringing in by the end of 1700s and how did this compare to 1750??

A

£3million a year, compared to £1million in 1750

33
Q

What were the limitations to the economic argument?

A

Whilst demand for slavery was falling in terms of sugar production, it still thrived in the UK and around the world in other areas of industry, notably textiles, where 87% of their produce went abroad between 1805-07. 70% of Bristols income relied on slavery, which slows the economic decline was not a perfect theory. Instead the gradual changes in attitude may have exacerbated the slow Decline in some areas of the economy, leading to its eventual abolition as domestic production and the industrial revolution increased in importance

34
Q

How much of Bristols income was slave trade based?

A

60%

35
Q

How much did Liverpool merchants lose by 1805?

A

£700,000

36
Q

How was Wilberforce further undermined by parliament?

A

connection between 50 MPs and west Indies lobby

37
Q

How much of Britains income was based on the slave trade even after 1800??

A

24%

38
Q

What happened in 1802 which prompted Britain to turn away from slavery??

A

Napoleon reintroduced slavery, prompted Britain to oppose it

39
Q

how did the French wars encourage abolition

A

Napoleon blockaded European ports between 1806-1812, voyages were more risky and harder to complete, leading to their decline

40
Q

What happened at St Domingue and when

A

1791- 1000 plantations burned down and 12,000 people killed

41
Q

What happened in Jamaica and when??

A

1795 maroon uprising

-500 slaves rebelled with 150 muskets, 5000 troops needed

42
Q

What happened in St Lucia?

A

12,000 troops took back the army from 2000 slaves

43
Q

What was the enlightenment

A

A change in moral conscience which rejected the status quo and developed a more rational approach to the world

44
Q

What was the 1st sign of humanitarian/ christian concern influence (what was setup and when?)

A

1739- first foundling hospital set up to care for abandoned children, some richer people believing they should help care for the poor

45
Q

What was the first impact of the quakers and when?

A

1783- quakers presented a petition against the slave trade with 273 signatures and then set up a 23 person committee against slavery

46
Q

What was the 2nd impact of the quakers and when?

A

July 1783, second quaker committee set up which sent articles to a dozen newspapers about the evils of slavery to educate the public

47
Q

What did the quakers publish in 1784 and how many copies?

A

‘the case of our fellow creatures, the oppressed africans’,

10,000 copies

48
Q

What was the motivation of quakers to help end slavery??

A

Believed god was present in everyone and all were equal, any harm to an individual was harming god

49
Q

what two prominent evangelical christians were there?

A

Thomas Clarkson and granville sharp

50
Q

what was the main belief of the evangelical Christians

A

making up for you sins as a way of getting heaven, providing a spiritual motivation to end slavery despite the economic motive that actually had slavery ended by parliament

51
Q

What was started in 1783 by the quakers

A

religious society of friends quakers

52
Q

What happened in 1783 which also served as motivation to abolish slavery among humanitarians

A

american war of independence

53
Q

What did equiano join in 1787 and what did they do in 1788?

A

Sons of Africa, marched on parliament

Britain essay plans- slavery (3 decks)

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