Knowledge test Flashcards
When was most of italy legally unified and what were the number of votes for an against annexing Emilia to Piedmont?
March 1861- plebiscites held by national society
426,000 to 1506
When was Venetia given to Italy and how did it happen??
1866 during the Austro-prussian war when Austria were forced to withdraw
-France ceded Venetia to Italy yet again
When was Lombardy ceded to Italy and why??
July 1859- Treaty of Zurich and Villafranca saw France cede Lombardy to Piedmont even if Cavour was excluded from the treaties
When was the north and south of Italy unified by Garibaldi??
Garibaldi handed the south over to VE in October 1860 at Teano
What was irredentism and who famously supported it??
The idea that Italian speaking people existed in places like Nice and Savoy and that this land needed to be reclaimed in order to determine Italian unification to be complete.
-Crispi who also felt Lombardy and Venetia were forced together with italy despite being under austrian rule for so long
What was unified by 1871 and how many members did it have??
Army and navy unified with 215,000 troops and 2 million reserves
how was much of national expenditure was spent on the army??
1/4
What was piedmontisation and why did it fail??
Enrolling the Piedmontese political systems across the country
failed in the south due to the mafia being able to corrupt it and the system wasn’t applicable in the south; lack of regional consideration
How many decrees were changes in Naples in how many days?
53 decrees in 2 days
What was fractious cohabitation and when was it enhanced??
The resentment between the pope and the state due to differing political ideas about unification.
-enhanced after syllabus of errors in 1864 which reinforced the popes control over education, science and religion
What two unpopular taxes were introduced in 1865 and 1868 and what did the second one lead to?
Flour tax in 1865
Grist tax in 1868 (reintroduced) a tax on milling corn. Led to 250 deaths and 1000 wounded in subsequent riots
What was the size of the war debt??
2.5 billion lire
When was the brigands war and how many people were against each other??
started in 1861, 82,000 brigands against 90,000 Piedmont soldiers by 1863
Why did the brigands war break out and cause social problems??
Mandatory conscription which took young men away from their farms in the south
What punishments were introduced to brigands?
- Guilty by association of brigands
- people who didn’t declare they weren’t a brigand were classes as a brigand
What else was a motive for the brigands war?
Taxes that increased in the south due to the Bourbon rue collapsing leaving a power vacuum
How were transactions between states improved??
All customs, coinage, weights and measures were standardised to smooth economic transactions, and Piedmontese constitution became an Italian constitution
How many officers were in the army and how long were soldiers put together for at a time??
20,000 officers, 4years at a time
What was the casati law and when was it introduced\/
Mandatory state controlled primary education, 1859
what was introduced in 1867 to encourage better equality and why did it partially fail?
9million acres of chruchland sold to peasants or nationalised, peasants in the north bought it but peasants in the south missed out to the upper classes
What was the dogma of papal infallibility and when was it introduced??
-emphasised further the teachings of the pope to undermine the state
1870
What was Italys GDP compared to Britain in 1870?
45% of GBs GDP
