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Britain essay plans booklet 4 > knowledge test > Flashcards

knowledge test Flashcards

1
Q

When was the ASE founded, who ran It and what was it formed from??

A

1851, William Allan, joined together 3 small unions (mechanics, steam engine makers, general smiths)

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2
Q

How was the ASE organised?

A
  • Executive committee to oversee the running of the NMU
  • General secretary managed day to day runnings and co-ordinated local branches
  • Mandatory conscription fees
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3
Q

How much was the ASE getting per annum in 1852 and what did It provide in 1859??

A

£12,000 per annum
3 donations of £1000 each to London builders who were able to hold out on strike against their employers, forcing a compromise

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4
Q

Where did ASE branches spread across??

A

Lancashire to scotland

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5
Q

Why were NMUs better than early trade societies

A
  • unions that represented people from across industries (ASE formed from small unions of different industries) therefore more widespread affair
  • better organised, rigid administration
  • more funding
  • less government repression (repeal of combination acts 1824)
  • better striking (no knobsticks)
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6
Q

What two trade societies were created in 1829 by John Doherty, when did they fail and why??

A

Grand General union of the operative spinner of GB and Ireland
society for the protection of labour
both failed within two Years due to a lack of funding and support

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7
Q

What was positive about the approaches of the grand national and John Doherty’s societies?

A

They were attempts at widespread/ nationwide unionism. GN had 1 million members from across industries, John Doherty’s society was for GB and Ireland, not bound by regional barriers

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8
Q

how did larger earlier unions help the formation of the TUC??

A
  • They were attempts at nationwide unionism, part of the foundation of the TUC
  • Their ideology of collectivism against the government repression was prevalent in the TUC too.
  • NMUs were effectively built on the failures of the early trade societies and the TUC most closely represented the NMUs
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9
Q

What did early unions focus on which proved to be wrong and changed under the TUC??

A

Early societies excluded unskilled workers, yet the TUC incorporated both skilled and unskilled workers together who put their differences aside

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10
Q

What were trade councils and who formed the first one in 1860??

A

trade councils were larger unions that represented workers from a range of industries in one geographical areas. Allan and Applegarth formed the first one known as the London trade council in 1860.

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11
Q

Why were trade councils even better than NMU’S?

A

They represented both skilled and unskilled workers from across industries in a geographical area, enhancing the universal approach, as well as supporting smaller unions

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12
Q

How many members did the London trade council have in 1866 and why was it the most successful?

A

over 100,000 members, it was the biggest and longest standing trade council prior to the TUC

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13
Q

When was the Sheffield meeting, what did it promote and why did it fail??

A

1866, the UK alliance for organised trade promised to bind unions, but failed due to a lack of finance

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14
Q

Which two trade council leaders came together in 1868 to revitalise unionism

A

Manchester and Salford

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15
Q

how many delegates representing how many people were at the June 1868 meeting?

A

34 delegates representing 118,000 people

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16
Q

When was the ASCJ created and who ran it??

A

1860- ran by Applegarth

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17
Q

What two main strikes were ran by early trade societies and who started/ supported each??

A

1810- strike by Lancashire spinners that lasted 10 months

1818- supported by wigan weavers but spread to other key industries

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18
Q

Why did the 1818 strike fail and what did this suggest about early unions??

A

5 striking leaders were arrested, shows a lack of organisation and an air of fragility about them

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19
Q

When were the combination acts repealed and what positives does this suggest about early unions??

A

1824- they had continued their growth through early 1800s despite combination acts, showing resilience and changing attitudes by the government, as clearly they couldnt be ignored

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20
Q

Why was the 1818 strike more significant than the 1810 strike??

A

It threatened a nationwide stoppage because it spread to key industries

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21
Q

What early union was created in 1793 and what level of action did they achieve??

A

London printers association in 1793, gained 539 petitions to send to government for increased wages to combat the growing cost of living

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22
Q

What early union was created in 1799 and what level of action did they achieve??

A

1799 wigan weavers- had 14 branches across Lancashire, able to accumulate support to put an end to wage reductions

23
Q

When did the Grand national fail and why??

A
  • ‘The document’ which stopped people from being a member of a trade union and hold a job simultaneously. the million members therefore had to leave soon after
  • Lack of funding- only 16,000 of 1 million members paid fees
  • lack of organisation= GN unable to support 1500 mill workers locked out of employment in 1834, who went 4 months without pay
24
Q

How were early trade societies undermined in their striking methods??

A

KNOBSTICKS- they were low paid workers, mainly Irish immigrants, who were in abundant supply and quickly drafted in by employers to replace striking workers

25
Q

How did population change between 1750 and 1850??

A

Grew from 6 million to 17 million

26
Q

When were the Tolpuddle martyrs formed and what did they set up??

A

1834- set up the society for the protection of agricultural labour

27
Q

Why did the Tolpuddle martyrs get arrested and what was their punishment?

A
  • James Frampton, an agricultural employer, reported their union and they were arrested by being bound by an illegal oath to protect each other from persecution
  • They were sent to Australia for 7 years
28
Q

What were the tolpuddle martyrs campaigning for??

A

higher wages- they refused to work for less than 10 shillings a day and were currently on 6

29
Q

What was the public reaction about the tolpuddle martyrs and how does it limit their failure??

A

Their was a petition against the punishment of the martyrs gaining 100,000 signatures, and 30,000 marched on Whitehall in protest.
-whilst martyrs were a failure in themselves, the public support they amassed showed shifting importance towards unionism and were hard for the government to ignore

30
Q

What act was introduced in 1859 to help workers and what did it do?

A

molestation of workmen act- gave improved working rights and conditions to those who picketed peacefully

31
Q

When was the master and servant act introduced, when was it repealed, and what did it do??

A

introduced 1823 and repealed in 1858. Meant that people who were in a contract to do work were legally obliged to carry out that work no matter what, risking imprisonment or death

32
Q

How many members did the TUC have by 1868?

A

over a million

33
Q

When was new Lanark set up??

A

1799

34
Q

What things did New lanark create that paved the way for further co ops

A
  • ideas of communalism
  • improving worker welfare
  • co op shops for workers that made very little profits
  • reinvesting profits into education for children
  • workers given 1.5 hour breaks and 12 hour working days
35
Q

What happened for new lanark in 1816 and what did Robert Owen publicise in 1834??

A

1816- Tsar of Russia visited, showing worldwide success

1834- Owen boasted annual profits of £300,000

36
Q

What was Owen the first person to do??

A

Write a £1mn cheque to charity

37
Q

how did Owen support his workers in 1806??

A

Continued to Pay his workers for 4 months when the mill banned amid the US cotton ban

38
Q

What did William King set up in Brighton and when was it??

A

a co-operative in Brighton that created the newspaper ‘the co-operator’ in between 1828-1830

39
Q

how much did William kings newspaper cost, how many copies were in circulation and what did it for co ops?

A

cost 1d to purchase, 12,000 in circulation, spread ideas about the values of communalism in co-ops and made it a nationwide concept

40
Q

how many societies/ branches did the Brighton co op set up by 1832??

A

500

41
Q

When were the rochdale pioneers created and what was their motivation?

A

1844- hunger politics amid the 1840 economic decline

42
Q

What existing and new values were introduced by the Rochdale pioneers

A
  • co-operative shops to support workers with low prices
  • communalism

new:emphasis on good weights and measures to ensure good reputation
managers and representatives elected by members/workers
contribution to the co op resulted in dividends back

43
Q

What was published in 1857 by a rochdale pioneer leader and what was the subsequent result on co ops??

A

‘self help by the people’ by leader Hollyoake, led to 332 subsequent co ops who took on the advice of hollyoake and success of co ops

44
Q

What was Robert owens contribution to co op growth and success

A

More contribution to success the growth, he himself ran a very successful and profitable co op that wasn’t even aiming for profit, however New lanark was an isolated example and no evidence of Owen directly helping other co ops set up

45
Q

What were friendly societies and how much of the population was in one by 1815

A

Friendly societies were an unofficial welfare state that provided benefits to members (who paid fees)
1/3 in them by 1815

46
Q

What did the government introduce to oppress friendly societies and why??

A

Friendly societies act 1793- friendly societies had to report their activities to the local justice of peace every 3 months
-govt scared they were a radical organisation following the French revolution

47
Q

What limited the success of friendly societies??

A

The continuous weekly subscription meant the poorest people couldn’t afford to join despite being the ones who’d benefit the most. people with irregular employment therefore struggled to join

48
Q

When was the second friendly societies act, what did it do and what did it show about friendly societies?

A

1855- social insurance and funds were better protected by the government to aid their success. increased government envy/ involvement as they had grown to respect them

49
Q

When was the registrar of friendly societies and what did it do??

A

1846- abandoned FS registering with local JP, instead they registered with government departments because of the increased interest they took in FS due to their proton-welfare state success

50
Q

Judgement for ‘how far do you agree that the TUC owed more to the NMUs than early trade societies’

A
  • TUC owed most to the NMU because it was the most revolutionary of the trade societies due to the drastic changes it made to correct the failures of the early societies (lack of funding, organisation, and govt repression)
  • early societies shaped the efforts of the NMUs but down to NMUs to actually implement change
  • Trade councils were the biggest and most successful later union, as size grew, so did success. so whilst TUC best resembled NMUs, trade council size paved the way of large scale unionism.
51
Q

What event in Britain helped the TUCs political impact

A

1867 reform act

52
Q

What new 2 political involvements did working class people have due to the TUC?

A
  • the 1867 reform act added to the political ambitions of the TUC, in which the creation of a working man’s party was formed, with two liberal candidates that were voted by middle class and working class
  • -supported new labour representation league which replaced NRL and looked to send qualified working men to parliament, as well as offering working class support for working class sympathisers in parliament
53
Q

What replaced the NRL after 1867

A

labour representation league

Britain essay plans booklet 4 (9 decks)

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