Knowledge test Flashcards
When were trade unions banned, what replaced them and how many members did old trade unions have??
2nd may 1933, DAF, 4 million
What % of the youth were in Hitler youth movements in 1932 and then 1934, and when was involvement compulsory??
1932-1.5%
1934-46.5%
compulsory in 1939
who became minister of culture, education and science and when did education become state ran??
Bernhard Rust, 1934
What was popular about the Hitler youth??
The physical education, camping, German patriotism
When was the reichstag fire and what legislation came out of it??
27th Feb 1933
-Law for the protection of the people and state which suspended civil liberties
How was the reichstag fire used in Hitler’s consolidation
Communists were blamed for the fire, so civil liberties were suspended and the role of the government strengthened, giving Hitler more clout.
When were the elections held during consolidation and how were Nazi chances improved??
5th march 1933, thugs stood outside voting booths to intimidate voters and radio and police taken over by government to persuade voters
what % of the vote did the Nazis get and what was the % turnout??
Nazi’s- 44%
Turnout- 89%
When was the enabling act and what did it do?
Enabling act 24th March-
-Gave emergency powers to government for 4 years, banned KPD, Hitler could pass laws without parliamentary consultation
When was the law for the reconstruction of the state and what did it do??
January 1934
- Elected state assemblies dissolved
- Nazi Gauleiter created to run states
- SA violence used to overthrow local governments
When was the night of the long knives and how many SA members were killed??
30th June 1934
200-400
Who did hitler use in the night of the long knives and what were his motivations??
The SS led by Himmler, gave them their own organisation in the party
- Hitler feared a putsch from army leader Röhm and believed he was getting to powerful, as SA had a million members and the army only had 300,000 members
- Went against Furherprinzip (second revolution)
What resulted after the night of the long knives??
Hitler merged the army and the SA, making himself leader, 1 million troops with 1 million reserves
When did Hindenberg die and what did Hitler do the day after
Died 2nd August 1934, Hitler made all army members swear allegiance to HIM
when was the law against the formation of new parties??
14th July 1933, Germany becomes one party state
When was the law for the restoration of the civil service and what did it do??
7th April- removed ‘hostile’ elements from the civil service ie jews and political opponents accounting for 5%
When was the jewish shop boycott??
April 1st 1933
When did Hitler become chancellor and what 2 Nazi members were in his cabinet??
30th January 1933
Frick, Göering and himself
How did hitler facilitate the takeover by the DAF??
made may 1st a national holiday to appease workers.
What incentives/ gifts were given to women to encourage them to have children??
- 25800 litres of milk
- 1500 grocery packages
- 172 sets of baby clothes
- mothers cross (bronze 4,silver 6, gold 8)
When were women banned from civil service/medical jobs work and when were they banned from legal positions??
1933 and 1936
What organisation was set up to help traditional rural women and what did it provide for them??
- NSV (national socialist welfare organisation)
- vast expansion of health offices, improved sanitation, genetic and racial care
What was the former name given to the now repressed women under nazi Germany??
Weimar women
what % of school time was devoted to physical education and why did the youth like this??
15%, prepared them more for army work, hitler youth emphasised male military roles
what subjects were prioritised in schools??
Physical education, biology (racial nazi theory), prussian history/ nationalism
What schools were set up to prepare some of the youth for politics and how many of each??
10 Adolf Hitler schools
21 national political educational institutions
what was the youth group created for young girls 14-18??
BDM/ league of German girls
What % of the youth were involved in youth movements in 1938
77%
How did the number of students in higher education prior to the war??
halved
What % of teachers were in the nazi party by 1936??
32%
How many KDF holidays were there in 1934 and 1938
2.3 million to 10.3 million
How many paid and voluntary jobs did KDF holidays provide??
7000 jobs, 135,000 voluntary positions
How many workers were unemployed out of the whole number of male workers in 1939??
35,000 out of 25million males
When did real wages reach 1929 levels??
1939
Who created the term rural utopia??
Darre
What was ‘blood and soil’
a favourable nazi peasantry lifestyle where men and women upheld traditional roles
How many times did the cabinet meet in 1933 and then in 1935 and what prompted this change??
1933-72
1935-12
the enabling act weakened the power of the cabinet as hitler was able to pass legislation without consulting the president. All decisions were therefore dependant on Hitlers choice
evidence of hitler hating bureaucracy and being lazy
- hated berlin
- cabinet meetings decline from 72 in 1933 to 12 in 1935
- slept in late
- spent most of his time in his Bavarian retreat.
Examples of confusion in the nazi party??
- Hitler often created party institutions which overlapped with state institutions
- instead of using the ministry of transport to build the autobahn in 1933, he created the position of general inspector of German roads, headed by Fritz Todt
- Head of DAF Robert Ley tried to influence economic affairs, but from 1934 schact was in charge of economics despite not being a member of the nazi party
- State Gauleiters often clashed with Frick; minister of the interior
What was the ‘volksgemeinschaft’
Overcoming old German divisions and bring about a collective nazi national identity
When were the Nuremberg laws and what key policies did they introduce??
1935-
- Jews could not display the German flag
- illegal for germans to be married or have sex
- Jews classes as ‘subjects’ instead of citizens
- Jewish war veterans removed from employment
What benefits were given to agricultural workers under the nazi regime in the short term?
- farm debts and mortgages written off
- interest rates kept low
- Reich food estate from 1933 supported agricultural production and kept food prices low.
How were farmers annoyed by the nazis in the long term??
-darres drive to reverse industrialisation and created the rural utopia was largely ignored in favour of war related industries and farms were subsequently taken away from farmers
What aspects of hitlers approach to government suggests he was a weak dictator?
- Hatred of Berlin
- spending time in Berghof
- delegating to his ministers eg Goebells for propaganda
- minsters had overlapping jobs eg Schact who wasn’t a nazi was minister for economics, and clashed with Robert Ley and Göring as plenipotentiary leader
- focusing on rearmament and hating bureaucracy
What aspects of Hitlers vision made him seem like a strong dictator?
- Ideas of Führerprinzip, opposing anyone any challenged him ie Roehm in the night of the long knives
- control after Hindenberg died, making everyone swear allegiance to him
What aspects of Hitlers government made him seem like a strong dictator?
-the enabling act
-the fact that parties dissolved themselves after he banned the KPD and before law against formation of new parties in July
-Lammers giving him a direct link to all other Nazi ministers
-he met his ministers 72 times in 1933 and only 12 in 1935 suggesting he’s pursuing increasingly dictator like leadership
-
What aspects of Hitlers system of government suggests he was a weak dictator?
- Reactionary policies ie the Nuremberg laws and the night of the long knives, conceded to pressure from other nazis to change his nuremberg speech
- his peoples courts which paralleled the state courts tried 16,000 cases and were biased towards the right wing and harsh against the left
- Gauleiter were used to control germany on a state level after law for reconstruction of the state in January 1934,
Who are the 3 historians that debate hitler and who thinks what?
Kershaw- thinks hitlers a dictator who does not dictate
Bullock disagrees with hitler
Burleigh thinks its a mixture ie Hitler dictates when he’s concerned with the matter ie army but wasn’t bothered about agriculture so only met Darre twice
Examples of Hitlers control over the army (system of government strength)
- 1933 he proclaimed that the SA couldn’t carry guns and only the army could
- 1934 he limited political agitation activities of the SA
- removed blomberg and Fritsch as leaders of the army in 1937 after opposing his foreign policy
When was the Jewish shop boycott and why did it fail?
1st April 1933
-SA men stood outside Jewish businesses to discourage Germans using them but they continued and the one day boycott failed
What examples were there of the gestapo controlling people??
- 57% of race crimes reported by the public
- Only 30,000 gestapo officers yet 225,000 people sentenced to 600,000 years of imprisonment
- almost 80% voluntary denunciations
How did Hitler get the enabling act passed??
Banned the KPD from voting on the bill, and pretended to respect the rights of the z party in order to get their support to get a 2/3 majority
What financial backing did Hitler get in February 1933?
20 industrialists provides 3 million marks
How many more nazis were added to the police before the elections and by who?
50,000 by Goring in Prussia
