Knowledge Test 1- Richard And John Starter Flashcards
What was the feudal system?
It was a way of running the country with the king at the top and peasants at the bottom. Gave land in return for service
What was homage?
An act where landholders swore an oath of fealty (loyalty)
What was forfeiture?
When lords could take away land away if the people weren’t doing their service
What was knight service
Duty knights owed to the lord in return for holding their land. Serve in army for at least 2 months and guard the lords castle for at least 40 days
What was labour service?
Work peasants did, gathering harvest ‘boon work’ and working on land ‘week work’
Give 4 main duties of a medieval king
Attend rituals and displays
Itinerant kingship- travelled around country hearing cases
Often go to war
Keep peace and protect his people
Give 4 ways in which the king gained money
Tallage- compulsory land tax payed by townsmen and peasants
Forest fine- claim fines for those living and working on land protected by the king
Scutage- payment made by holders of knights fee in return for not having to fight
And profits of justice- sending someone to court had to pay
Give 4 features of a medieval coronation
Anointed with holy oils
Westminister abbey
Religious ceremony
Made an oath to keep peace and protect his people
Difference between villein and Freeman
Villein-property of lord, controlled them
Freeman- free to go and do as he pleased
What was a guild
Different groups of People who traded at markets
Peasant life in village and town
Village-worked in fields and on land
Towns- lots of markets and trades.
What was purgatory
Xx
Give 2 reasons for the wealth/ importance of the medieval church
Centre of most people’s lives because it gave people comfort and it gave people a meaning of life- earn a place in heaven
Why did Richard get involved in the 3rd crusade?
Was expected of him
Gaining land, status and wealth
Already had good military strength
Wants a good reputation- warrior king
Why did Richard and Philip II fall out?
1) Richard promised Philip that he would marry his sister- given land called vexin- married someone else berengaria of navarre. Humiliation.
2) Richard was given brill reception in Messina, Philip wasn’t. Philip left without Richard but dead were rough- return humiliation.
What were the main events of the third crusade?
The battle of arsuf- September 1191- kept troops close to coast to collect supplies- strategic. Cavalry charge and victory. 7000 Muslims died
2nd March- June and July 1992- marched down south to ascalon- to in land. Goes back up north to defend Jaffa. Seeks help off monks on 1st March.
August-September 119. Defeats army at Jaffa. Treaty of Jaffa- Christians are allowed to pilgrim and allowed to keep land. 3 year peace.
Why did Richard not reclaim Jerusalem
- Jerusalem highly defended
- threats at home- brother John trying to take throne
- risk of getting encircled- 12 miles inland
- There wasn’t enough soldiers
- Saladin poisoned all the wells around it.
What happened at Richards kidnap?
Shipwrecked on northern Adriatic coast. Arrested by Leopold of Austria. Sold to Roman emperor Henry VI Pay ransom- 100,000 marks. Eleanor took charge of collecting ransom -new tax on Jews -Land tax on every land owner - gold and silver plate from all English churches.
What problemswere created after Richard was captured?
Jews unhappy losing wealth
Threat of rebellion- high taxation
Poverty- England is poorer
Weakens monarchy- risk of John.
What was chateau gaillard?
A huge castle costing £12000
Built in 2 years Round walls.
Defences considered best in Europe
Used as a base to launch attacks on nearby French castles.
What happened on stage one of the loss of Normandy?
Arthur swears homage to Philip
1199- John pushed Philip back to last mans
May 1200 treaty of goulet
1200 married Isabella of angouleme.
Isabella supposed to marry high de lusignan.
John failed to offer any form of compensation- Philips side.
What happened on stage 2 of the loss of Normandy?
Philip orders John to appear at the French court, John refused to appear - Philip attack’s Normandy.
1202 land in Normandy attacked.
Loses crucial allies. - south of Normandy left without support - count of audemar.
Eleanor of Aquitaine tries to hell- becomes grandsons hostage.
John defeats hugh and Arthur , taking them prisoner.
William des Roches - key knight- John refuses to give him a say in how the prisoners should be treated- moves French side and takes control of capital of Normandy.
What happened in stage 3 of the loss of Normandy?
1203- Arthur disappears
Loses support of barons in France- his fault of Arthur
1203 Philip conquered most of land
What happened on stage 4 of the loss of Normandy?
Philip attacks chateau gaillard French soldiers mine under foundations and the tower collapses. 1203 John leaves for England After 6 months chateau gaillard is taken John surrenders.
