Knowledge Test 1- Richard And John Starter

Question 1

What was the feudal system?

Answer 1

It was a way of running the country with the king at the top and peasants at the bottom. Gave land in return for service

Question 2

What was homage?

Answer 2

An act where landholders swore an oath of fealty (loyalty)

Question 3

What was forfeiture?

Answer 3

When lords could take away land away if the people weren’t doing their service

Question 4

What was knight service

Answer 4

Duty knights owed to the lord in return for holding their land. Serve in army for at least 2 months and guard the lords castle for at least 40 days

Question 5

What was labour service?

Answer 5

Work peasants did, gathering harvest ‘boon work’ and working on land ‘week work’

Question 6

Give 4 main duties of a medieval king

Answer 6

Attend rituals and displays
Itinerant kingship- travelled around country hearing cases
Often go to war
Keep peace and protect his people

Question 7

Give 4 ways in which the king gained money

Answer 7

Tallage- compulsory land tax payed by townsmen and peasants
Forest fine- claim fines for those living and working on land protected by the king
Scutage- payment made by holders of knights fee in return for not having to fight
And profits of justice- sending someone to court had to pay

Question 8

Give 4 features of a medieval coronation

Answer 8

Anointed with holy oils
Westminister abbey
Religious ceremony
Made an oath to keep peace and protect his people

Question 9

Difference between villein and Freeman

Answer 9

Villein-property of lord, controlled them

Freeman- free to go and do as he pleased

Question 10

What was a guild

Answer 10

Different groups of People who traded at markets

Question 11

Peasant life in village and town

Answer 11

Village-worked in fields and on land

Towns- lots of markets and trades.

Question 12

What was purgatory

Answer 12

Xx

Question 13

Give 2 reasons for the wealth/ importance of the medieval church

Answer 13

Centre of most people’s lives because it gave people comfort and it gave people a meaning of life- earn a place in heaven

Question 14

Why did Richard get involved in the 3rd crusade?

Answer 14

Was expected of him
Gaining land, status and wealth
Already had good military strength
Wants a good reputation- warrior king

Question 15

Why did Richard and Philip II fall out?

Answer 15

1) Richard promised Philip that he would marry his sister- given land called vexin- married someone else berengaria of navarre. Humiliation.
2) Richard was given brill reception in Messina, Philip wasn’t. Philip left without Richard but dead were rough- return humiliation.

Question 16

What were the main events of the third crusade?

Answer 16

The battle of arsuf- September 1191- kept troops close to coast to collect supplies- strategic. Cavalry charge and victory. 7000 Muslims died
2nd March- June and July 1992- marched down south to ascalon- to in land. Goes back up north to defend Jaffa. Seeks help off monks on 1st March.
August-September 119. Defeats army at Jaffa. Treaty of Jaffa- Christians are allowed to pilgrim and allowed to keep land. 3 year peace.

Question 17

Why did Richard not reclaim Jerusalem

Answer 17

• Jerusalem highly defended
• threats at home- brother John trying to take throne
• risk of getting encircled- 12 miles inland
• There wasn’t enough soldiers
• Saladin poisoned all the wells around it.

Question 18

What happened at Richards kidnap?

Answer 18

Shipwrecked on northern Adriatic coast.
Arrested by Leopold of Austria.
Sold to Roman emperor Henry VI
Pay ransom- 100,000 marks. 
Eleanor took charge of collecting ransom
-new tax on Jews
-Land tax on every land owner
- gold and silver plate from all English churches.

Question 19

What problemswere created after Richard was captured?

Answer 19

Jews unhappy losing wealth
Threat of rebellion- high taxation
Poverty- England is poorer
Weakens monarchy- risk of John.

Question 20

What was chateau gaillard?

Answer 20

A huge castle costing £12000
Built in 2 years Round walls.
Defences considered best in Europe
Used as a base to launch attacks on nearby French castles.

Question 21

What happened on stage one of the loss of Normandy?

Answer 21

Arthur swears homage to Philip
1199- John pushed Philip back to last mans
May 1200 treaty of goulet
1200 married Isabella of angouleme.
Isabella supposed to marry high de lusignan.
John failed to offer any form of compensation- Philips side.

Question 22

What happened on stage 2 of the loss of Normandy?

Answer 22

Philip orders John to appear at the French court, John refused to appear - Philip attack’s Normandy.
1202 land in Normandy attacked.
Loses crucial allies. - south of Normandy left without support - count of audemar.
Eleanor of Aquitaine tries to hell- becomes grandsons hostage.
John defeats hugh and Arthur , taking them prisoner.
William des Roches - key knight- John refuses to give him a say in how the prisoners should be treated- moves French side and takes control of capital of Normandy.

Question 23

What happened in stage 3 of the loss of Normandy?

Answer 23

1203- Arthur disappears
Loses support of barons in France- his fault of Arthur
1203 Philip conquered most of land

Question 24

What happened on stage 4 of the loss of Normandy?

Answer 24

Philip attacks chateau gaillard
French soldiers mine under foundations and the tower collapses.
1203 John leaves for England
After 6 months chateau gaillard is taken
John surrenders.

Question 25

What was the causes of the fallout with the papacy?

Answer 25

• clash of personalities
• John wanted John de gray to be archbishop but pope chooses Stephen Langton. 1206
• John tries to punish the pope making things worse.

Question 26

What was the interdict?

Answer 26

The pope shut down all Churches in England in 1208.

Question 27

What impact did this have on everyday life?

Answer 27

• marriages couldn’t take place
• People worried that souls of dead wouldn’t go to heaven
• baptisms took place behind locked doors of the church.

Question 28

When did the pope excommunicate John?

Answer 28

8th November 1209

Question 29

When did the pope and John reconciliate?

Answer 29

In 1213 John surrendered to the papacy. Risk of invasion from Prince Louis of France. Invasion would have blessing of the pope if not submit to terms

• Stephen Langton
• made to pay compensation approx £27000

Question 30

How did financial problems affect johns relationship with the barons?

Answer 30

Steady rise in prices- lowered value of royal income.

Imposed fines on barons. Usual prices £100 rose to £405 for inheriting feudal lands.

Question 31

What was the plot in 1212?

Answer 31

1209-1212 - campaigns Ireland and Wales to take control of lands granted to William de braose.
1211 welsh man seized land for himself- llywelyn.
John invaded wales.
1212 joined with French king and barons plotted to kill him.
Eustace de vesci. Fled into exile after king went north.
Relaxed some demands for taxes and went north to reestablish his authority as king

Question 32

How did Johns use of arbitory power affect his relationship with the barons?

Answer 32

1209-1214 John closed down law court at west ministerZ
Barons resented John - he applied law for his own benefit.
Failed to repay barons debts, used them as power over barons.

Question 33

How does the failure to win Normandy in 1214 affect johns relationship with the barons?

Answer 33

Feb 1214- set sail for France- £135000.
27th July battle at bouvines. Defeated along with Ally holy roman emperor.
Trigger for rebellion