Knowledge test 1 - functionlism,marxism,feminism theories of beliefs Flashcards
Describe 2 features of the substantive view of religion.
- belief in supernatural powers
- unable to be explained
True or false - social constructionists use an ‘inclusive’ definition of religion.
True
What does Durkheim mean by the ‘sacred’ and provide an example.
Set apart, forbidden, feelings of awe e.g the totem pole in totemism
What does Malinowski mean by a ‘psychological function’ of religion?
Religion helps people during times of crisis - esp emotional crises.
Who came up with the theory of civil religion and provide one example to support his view.
Bellah - The American Dream
Provide 1 criticism of the functionalist view of religion.
Misunderstood tribes - not able to generalise the tribes to all the worlds religions.
How does religion act as an ‘ideological weapon’ according to Marx?
Religion promotes the idea that inequality is God given and fair, so people feel unable to challenge it, this maintains capitalism exploitation by teaching the idea of hard work.
Provide a quote from the bible to support this - ideological weapon
The rich man in his castle, the poor man at his gate.
How does religion act as an ‘alienation’ according to Marx?
Religion is used to keep workers working and not overthrowing the capitalist system.
What does Marx mean when he describes religion as ‘the opium of the masses’?
Opium dulls the pain of oppression and gives a promise of afterlife.
Provide a criticism of Marxist view of religion.
Ignores positive functions of religion.
Provide 2 ways religion could be viewed as patriarchal
Sacred texts and religious organisations
Which sociologists supports this patriarchal view of religion?
Simone De Beauvoir
Which sociologist views religion as a form of feminism?
Linda Woodhead
Provide one way that wearing a hijab may be viewed as patriarchal and one way it may be liberating.
P= oppresses women and may force some women into wearing them
L= religious freedom - express their faith
