knowledge organiser 3

Question 1

what were jesuits?

Answer 1

catholic priests who were specially trained to convert people back to catholicism

Question 2

When did jesuits began to arrive in England?

Answer 2

1508

Question 3

where did jesuits train?

Answer 3

in special seminaries in catholic countries like France, Spain and Italy

Question 4

why did jesuits come to England?

Answer 4

to convert people back to catholicism

Question 5

who was the leader of the jesuits in England?

Answer 5

Edmund Campion

Question 6

how many jesuits were hidden?

Answer 6

Campion and 100 others were hidden by wealthy catholics

Question 7

where were the priests hidden?

Answer 7

in secret priest holes

Question 8

what did Francis Walsingham develop?

Answer 8

effective spy network

Question 9

who was Francis Walsingham?

Answer 9

a privy councillor

Question 10

how many agents did Walsingham have tracking jesuits and catholic plotters?

Answer 10

hundreds of agents

Question 11

what did Walsingham employ?

Answer 11

priest hunters to catch catholic priests

Question 12

what happened in 1581 to Campion?

Answer 12

he was captured by Walsingham’s agents and hanged, drawn, and quartered

Question 13

who was Mary Queen of Scots?

Answer 13

she was Elizabeth’s cousin

Question 14

what had Mary been forced to do?

Answer 14

flee from protestant rebellion in Scotland

Question 15

when was she in prison in England?

Answer 15

since 1568

Question 16

why was Marys presence in England a serious threat to Elizabeth?

Answer 16

Mary had a strong claim to the throne of England, Mary was Henry VIII’s great-niece and Elizabeths cousin, many people believed Marys claim was more legitimate than Elizabeth’s, unlike Elizabeth Mary had a son and an heir: James

Question 17

whats another reason why Mary was a threat?

catholic rebellion

Answer 17

Mary was a figurehead for catholic rebellion, until Elizabeth had an heir Mary was next in line for the throne, this encouraged catholics to rebel against Elizabeth or plot to assassinate her

Question 18

another reason Mary was a threat?

foreign supporters

Answer 18

Mary had powerful foreign supporters, Philip of Spain, the French, and the Pope plotted with the English catholics to put Mary on the throne

Question 19

what did Elizabeth’s privy council urge to do to Mary?

Answer 19

to execute her, but Elizabeth refused

Question 20

why did Elizabeth refuse to execute Mary/

Answer 20

1. She is her cousin 2. Elizabeth did not want to execute a fellow queen

Question 21

what did the catholic plots attempt to do?

Answer 21

to replace Elizabeth with Mary Queen of Scots

Question 22

what is the 1583 Throckmorton plot?

Answer 22

a young catholic noble Throckmorton plotted with the French to invade England and put Mary on the throne, was also supported by Philip of Spain and the Pope, Walsingham’s spies uncovered the plot and Throckmorton was tortured and executed, Elizabeth refused to execute Mary

Question 23

what was the 1586 Babington plot?

Answer 23

a young catholic noble, Babington plotted with Philip of Spain and the French to invade England and put Mary on the throne, Babington communicated with Mary by hiding coded letters in beer barrels that went into Marys prison, Walsingham discovered the system but waited till he had proof Mary was involved

Question 24

what was the 1587 execution of Mary Queen of Scots?

Answer 24

Cecil and Walsingham manipulated Elizabeth into signing Marys death warrant, Mary was beheaded, Elizabeth was furious and refused to talk to Cecil for a year

Question 25

what happened in 1580s

anglo spanish war

Answer 25

an Anglo-Spanish war broke out leading to the launch of the Spanish Armada in 1588

Question 26

what are the causes of the rivalry with Spain?

Answer 26

1. Elizabeth refused to marry Philip of Spain at the start of her reign 2. English privateers such as Francis Drake stole gold from Spanish treasure ships. Elizabeth knighted Drake 3. Philip supported catholic plots against Elizabeth 4. in 1585 Elizabeth agreed to send 7,000 soldiers to Netherlands to support protestant rebels fighting against Philip’s army 5. the execution of Mary Queen of Scots in 1587 angered Philip

Question 27

how many ships were in the Armada?

Answer 27

a fleet of 130 ships

Question 28

what did the armada plan?

Answer 28

to sail to Netherlands to pick up 20,000 Spanish soldiers before invading England and reintroducing catholicism only 80 ships made it back to Spain the armada never landed in England

Question 29

why did the armada fail?

Answer 29

1. Spanish mistake leader of the armada Duke of Medina Sidonia had no experience of sailing and got sea sick , the Spanish army was a week late leaving the armada vulnerable to attack 2. English strengths English used fireships to break the Armadas crescent formation, English ships were smaller and more manoeuvrable than the Spanish 3. the weather armada was driven north by a storm and forced to return to Spain via Scotland and Ireland over 40 ships were shipwrecked off Scotland and Ireland Philips sent 2 more armadas to England in the 1590s but they were both shipwrecked by a storm