Knowledge of heritage language and English language Principles

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

the way in which speech sounds form patterns; characteristics include phonemes, pitch, and stress.

Question 2

Pitch

Answer 2

determines the context or meaning of words or series of words

Question 3

stress

Answer 3

occurs at a “word” or “sentence” level

Question 4

Dialect

Answer 4

a veriety of speech characterized by its own particular grammar or pronunciation, often assosiatiated with a particular geographical region.

Question 5

Phonographemics

Answer 5

study of letter and letter combinations

Question 6

Phonemes

Answer 6

smallests units of sound in the human language, like consonants and vowels

Question 7

Homonyms

Answer 7

word forms that have two or more meanings

Question 8

Homographs

Answer 8

two or more words that have same spelling or pronunciation but different meanings eg; stalk (part of a plant) /stalk (follow)

Question 9

Homophones

Answer 9

two or more words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings and spelling eg: wood/would, cite/sight

Question 10

Heteronyms

Answer 10

two or more words that have the same spelling, but have a different pronunciation and meaning- eg Polish and polish-

Question 11

Morphemic Analysis

Answer 11

requires breaking a word down into its component parts to determine its meaning

Question 12

Sociolinguistics

Answer 12

the study of how social conditions influence the use of language these social factors include ethnicity, religion, gender, status, age, and education play a role in how individuals use language.

Question 13

Morpheme

Answer 13

the smallest units of language system which has meaning; these smaller units include the root/base word prefix suffix.

Question 14

Morphology

Answer 14

the process of how the words of a language are formed to create meaningful messages

Question 15

Underlying Principles of Morphology

Answer 15

1. Morphemes may be free
2. Knowledge of meaning of derivational morphemes
3. provide grammatical rather that semantic information for words and sentences ( of, the, and)
4. words can be combined to create new compound words (keychains)

Question 16

Pragmatics

Answer 16

the study of how the context impacts the interpretation of language; dictate language choice, body language, the degree of intimacy, and how meaning is interpreted.

Question 17

Syntax

Answer 17

the order in which words are arranged to create meaning

Question 18

Discourse

Answer 18

linguistic units composed of several sentences, derived from the concept of “discursive information” or communication that involves specialized knowledge of various kinds

Question 19

Standardizers

Answer 19

a learner who successfully integrates the new knowledge

Question 20

Simplifier

Answer 20

a learner that reverts to syntactical rules learned at easier stages they fail to integrate the new knowledge

Question 21

Code- Switching

Answer 21

a person who intersperses one language with another or mixing some words, phrases, or idioms from one language with another.

Question 22

Empty Language

Answer 22

has little meaning but is important in social exchanges

Question 23

Perfunctory speech

Answer 23

has little meaning but is important in social exchanges

Question 24

Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)

Answer 24

learners must acquire to function in social situations.

Question 25

Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) skills

Answer 25

ideas, and concepts that learners can transfer from their first language to their English learning

Question 26

Sentence

Answer 26

a group of words that has a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete idea.

Question 27

Parts of Speech

Answer 27

eight classifications for words- noun, verb, pronoun, adjective, adverb, prepositions, interjection, conjunctions

Question 28

subject

Answer 28

tells what or whom the sentence is about

Question 29

Predicate

Answer 29

makes a statement about what the subject is or does

Question 30

compound subject

Answer 30

when the subject consists of two or more pronouns - eg: books and magazines filled the room

Question 31

compound predicate

Answer 31

a predicate that contains more than one verb pertaining to the subject- eg: The boys walked and talked.

Question 32

simple sentence

Answer 32

an independent clause that is a complete thought consisting of a subject and predicate

Question 33

compound sentence

Answer 33

consist of two independent clauses joined together by a coordinator (and, or, not, but, for, yet, so)

Question 34

complex sentence

Answer 34

a sentence consisting of a dependent clause and an independent clause joined together using a subordinating conjuction

Question 35

declarative sentence

Answer 35

make a statement

Question 36

interrogative sentence

Answer 36

ask a question

Question 37

imperative sentence

Answer 37

give a command

Question 38

exclamatory sentence

Answer 38

express a sense of urgency

Question 39

phrase

Answer 39

a group of words that does not have a subject and a predicate and cannot stand alone

Question 40

dialect

Answer 40

complete system of verbal communication with its own vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar; has a unique set of rules and vocabulary

Question 41

language registers

Answer 41

used to deliberately establish a social identity

Question 42

Progressive form

Answer 42

used to indicate continuity of action vs. its completion ie. I am singing (-ing, verbs) can be used with all 6 tenses

Question 43

Present Perfect

Answer 43

express an action or make a statement about something occurring at an indefinite time in the past - I have watched

Question 44

Past Perfect

Answer 44

express action or make a statement about something completed in the past before some other past actions - I had watched

Question 45

future perfect

Answer 45

something that will be completed- I will have watched

Question 46

Auxilary Verb

Answer 46

be, do ,have, will, shall

Question 47

Old English