Knowledge Management Flashcards
What is Tacit Knowledge?
Knowing “How” e.g Charisma, Wit, How to play chess.
What are the FOUR steps of the knowledge management lifecycle?
Generation -> Codification -> Sharing -> Leveraging -> Repeat…….
What are the 5 methods to turn data to information?
HINT: The 5 C’s
Categorisation - classify data
Calculation - transform data mathematically
Correction - remove errors
Condensation - summarise data
Contextualisation - add context to data (hardest…)
What is information?
When meaning is added to data, data becomes information.
Receiver of information determines the meaning , however the sender can shape the interpretation.
What is Data?
Values of qualitative or quantitative variables, belonging to a set of items.
Objective (no interpretation given)
Set of discrete facts
Essential for deriving information or knowledge
What is “Knowledge Management”?
“The set of processes associated with understanding and using this asset”
What is Michael Polanyis model of knowledge ?
In contrast to Ryle , Polanyis view is that TACIT and EXPLICIT knowledge cannot be separated; they are not distinct.
“All knowledge is either tacit or rooted in tacit knowledge”
Which factors may change how organisations manage their respective knowledge bases?
Leadership and organisational models in place
Available technologies/resources
Competitive and institutional factors
What is Knowledge?
Difficult to define absolutely!
Something that adds value to data and/or information
Application of information to address specific situations in an organisational context?
What is Explicit knowledge ?
Knowing “That” e.g. Math formula, the rules of chess, a recipe.
What was the philosopher Gilbert Ryles model of knowledge ?
Ryle differentiated between TACIT and EXPLICIT knowledge
“It is one thing to know the rules of chess and quite another to know how to play it”
Define learning ?
An entity learns , if through the processing of information , the range of its potential behaviour is changed.
What is Single-Loop learning?
Improvement within an existing system that rests on unchallenged assumptions that are implicit and unchallenged.
E.g improving at solving equations
Define double-loop learning
Reflecting on the outcome of the action/experiment changes the assumptions you have about the work , the goal , or even how you achieve it.
Example; changing a business target demographic to match current customers as opposed to repeatedly targeting a less successful demographic.
What is meant by a “learning organisation” ?
An organisation consists of people/knowers [K(O) = K(P1) + K(P2) + …] ?
The challenge is to “institutionalise” this knowledge by managing and maintaining it at an organisational level
What are the two perspectives of Knowledge Management ?
KM as a human resource management issue
KM as an information systems issue
What are some problems associated with KM?
Information overload (TMI)
Lack of time for sharing knowledge
Inability to use knowledge efficiently
Human is a cause for failure (insufficient communication and lack of training)
What is “knowledge Generation” ?
Knowledge that is acquired by an organisation as well as developed within it.
How may an organisation generate knowledge through external resources ?
Acquisition
Rental
How may an organisation generate knowledge through internal resources?
R&D
Fusion
Networking
Adaption
What is knowledge acquisition ?
Buying of knowledge new to the organisation (does not have to be newly created)
E.g IBM $3.5 billion purchase of Lotus (only valued at $250 million.
What are the problems of buying knowledge ?
Measuring the value of purchased knowledge
Recognising where the Knowledge resides
New environment
What is knowledge rental?
Renting a knowledge source
E.g providing financial support to a university in exchange for the right to commercialisation of results.
Aim to retain as much rented knowledge as possible.
What is R&D ?
Research and Development
Internal units set up specifically for knowledge generation.
Labs, training units, corporate libraries
