Knowledge Check Q's Flashcards
How many major editions does MySQL offers?
- Five
- One
- Three
- Two
Two
Explanation:
MySQL offers two major editions:
For developers and small teams, the MySQL Community Edition binaries and source code are available at no cost. is available for free and includes all the core features needed.
For larger enterprises, the MySQL Commercial Edition Commercial Edition provides advanced features, management tools, and
dedicated technical support.
What does the Oracle commercial licensing option Allows businesses
to do ?
- Allows businesses to use MySQL Enterprise Edition for free
- Allows businesses to use MySQL in their products with other 3rd party commercial products
- Allows businesses to pay a reduced price for MySQL Community Edition
- Allows businesses to use MySQL code in their products and keep their code private.
- Allows businesses to use MySQL code in their products and keep
their code private.
Explanation:
Oracle provides a commercial licensing option. This license allows businesses to use MySQL in their products without having to disclose their source code, as required by GPL v2.
When is MySQL Enterprise Support available ?
- 8 hours a day 5 days a week
- 8 hours a day 7 days a week
- 24 hours a day 5 days a week
- 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
- 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
Explanation:
MySQL Support is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This ensures that whenever there is an issue, Oracle support can provide the needed help without any delay.
MySQL Shell offers support for which one of the following languages
- PHP
- GO
- Java
- Python
- Python
Explanation:
MySQL Shell offers multi language support for JavaScript, Python, and SQL. These naturally scriptable languages makes coding flexible and efficient. They allow developers to use their preferred programming language for everything from automating database tasks to writing complex queries
Which of the followings is true about MySQL Workbench Enterprise ?
- It install MySQL server.
- It adds security features to the MySQL system.
- It backups MySQL instances.
- It simplifies MySQL database migrations.
- It simplifies MySQL database migrations.
Explanation:
MySQL Workbench Enterprise simplifies database migrations with powerful tools that makes it easy to move databases between platforms. It streamlines the process of moving databases between systems, reducing time and errors.
MySQL HeatWave offers which services?
- Automatic replication to the Oracle Database
- Backup to GitHub
- Migration to AWS Arora
- A fully managed MySQL service
- A fully managed MySQL service
Explanation:
MySQL HeatWave offers a fully managed MySQL service. It provides deployment, backup and restore, high availability, resizing, and read replicas all the features you need for efficient database management.
How often are MySQL Innovation versions released?
- Every month
- Every quarter
- Every year
- Every two years
- Every quarter
Explanation:
MySQL Long term support versions are released every two years.
Innovation versions are released quarterly.
Which installation method requires that you manually configure the service user?
- yum packages
- RPM packages
- binary archive
- MySQL Installer
- binary archive
Explanation:
The yum and RPM package installers install and configure MySQL on
Linux. The MySQL Installer installs and configures MySQL on Windows. The binary
archive only contains the necessary files but does not perform any configuration.
The MySQL service user requires which permissions?
- Root privileges
- System privileges
- Shell privileges
- Data directory privileges
- Data directory privileges
Explanation:
The MySQL service user needs only privileges to run the process and access the network and relevant directories in the file system. You should not grant permissions beyond that, so that the service cannot be exploited by malicious users.
Which is true of the data directory?
- It is configured automatically when you install MySQL from binary archive
- It is a mandatory setting in the my.cnf file
- It is empty until you create a user database
- It contains the my.cnf and temporary files
- It is a mandatory setting in the my.cnf file
Explanation:
The data directory setting datadir specifies the default location of system and user databases, and is one of the settings for file locations. Other settings include locations for temporary files and configuration files.
Which is true of upgrades?
- You can upgrade MySQL while the server is running
- You can upgrade MySQL while the server is offline by replacing the binaries with new versions
- You must reinstall MySQL completely and restore from backup when upgrading from Community edition to Enterprise edition
- The Upgrade Checker utility is only available in Enterprise Edition
- You can upgrade MySQL while the server is offline by replacing the binaries with new versions
Explanation:
Upgrading is an offline operation, perfomed in place by replacing existing binaries with the new version. This process also works when upgrading to Enterprise Edition. The Upgrade Checker utility is available in MySQL Shell, and can be used on any MySQL version and edition up to and including the version of MySQL Shell. Copyright © 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates
What is the Default Storage Engine in MySQL?
A. InnoDB
B. MyISAM
C. NDB Cluster
D. Memory
A. InnoDB
Which of the following data types store string values?
1. Double
2. BIT
3. ENUM
4. DECIMAL
- ENUM
Which of the following is true for PRIMARY indexes?
A. They speed up insert operations
B. You can have multiple PRIMARY indexes on a table
C. PRIMARY index values are replicated to every secondary index
D. You can have multiple rows with the same value in the PRIMARY index
C. PRIMARY index values are replicated to every secondary index
The JOIN clause in SQL does which of the following?
A. Concatenates two or more column values to a single output column
B. Connects rows from two or more tables in single output column
C. Jumps to the next row if a value is null (Jump Only If Null)
D. Generates to the next row if a value is null (Jump Only If Null)
Copyright
B. Connects rows from two or more tables in single output column
Explanation: The JOIN clause uses a condition to decide which row in the table named on the left side is connected to which row on the right side.
You can use MySQL Partitioning to do which of the following?
A. Specify how big each table can be based on where it is stores
B. Specify how big each column can be based on how many partitions there are
C. Specify a physical file for each row based on a rule
D. Specify the storage engine for a particular database
C. Specify a physical file for each row based on a rule
Explanation: MySQL Partitioning enables you to select the physical location of
rows based on a rule that specifies some condition in each row.
The HeatWave service web based console allows you to do which one of the following services?
- Write SQL code
- Install MySQL Shell
- Connect to MySQL Workbench
- Deploy your instances and manage their backups
- Deploy your instances and manage their backups
Explanation:
The HeatWave service is a fully managed MySQL. Through the web based console, you can deploy your instances and manage their backups, enable high availability, resize your instances, create read replicas and perform many common administration tasks without writing a line of SQL.
From which of the following cloud services can use HeatWave
- Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
- Salesforce Cloud
- IBM Cloud
- Amazon Web Services (AWS)
- Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Explanation:
HeatWave is not just available in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. You can use HeatWave from your applications in Amazon Web Services AND Microsoft Azure too, and at a great price.
DPR, HIPAA, FERPA, and GLBA impose which type of compliance that MySQL can implement?
- Administrative
- Regulatory
- Performance
- Financial
- Regulatory
Explanation:
The acronyms in the question refer to legal provisions in multiple jurisdictions, all of which provide regulatory frameworks which must be complied with by applicable organizations.
Which product can mitigate the risk of SQL Injection attacks?
- MySQL Enterprise Firewall
- MySQL Enterprise Audit
- Oracle Enterprise Manager
- MySQL Shell
- MySQL Enterprise Firewall
Explanation:
MySQL Enterprise Firewall enables you to create an allow list of statements, and it blocks statements that do not match that allow list. SQL injection attacks attempt to insert SQL statements within user interfaces, and if those statements are not in the allow list then they are prevented from executing.
What is the default MySQL authentication plugin used to encrypt passwords?
- caching_sha256_password
- mysql_native_password
- caching_sha2_password
- plaintext
- caching_sha2_password
Explanation:
MySQL encrypts passwords before storing them in the database. The caching_sha2_password plugin uses a secure one way encryption algorithm to create passwords that cannot easily be decrypted, even if the database is compromised.
Kerberos, PAM, and FIDO are supported by which MySQL Enterprise feature?
- Auditing
- Firewall
- Authentication
- Manager
- Authentication
Explanation:
MySQL Enterprise Authentication brings together a set of plugins that support authentication with external infrastructure based on LDAP, Kerberos, or using the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) framework in Linux.
Dynamic privileges are assigned:
- In the my.cnf configuration file
- In the mysqld auto.cnf configuration file
- By the server, a plugin, or a component at load time
- Implicitly when a transaction requires them
- By the server, a plugin, or a component at load time
Explanation:
Dynamic privileges are granted by the server at runtime, either during the startup process or by plugins and components as they are loaded. They may also be granted explicitly with GRANT statements. They are not specified in configuration files.
Which two formatting options are supported by MySQL Enterprise Audit?
- Text
- JSON
- XML
- YAML
- SQL
- JSON
- XML
Explanation:
The supported audit log file formats are XML and JSON.
The default is XML. However, this can be changed at server startup by setting the audit_log_format variable.
MySQL Enterprise Firewall provides real time protection against which of the following?
- Virus
- Denial of Service (DoS) Attack
- SQL Injection
- Brute Force Attack
- SQL Injection
Explanation:
MySQL Enterprise Firewall helps protect against SQL injection attacks by monitoring and controlling SQL statements. It learns normal query patterns and blocks unauthorized or suspicious queries, keeping the database safe.
What file can you encrypt using MySQL Enterprise Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)?
- Configuration File ( my.cnf or my.ini )
- SSL Key File
- General Query, Slow Query, and Error Log File
- Tablespace File
- Tablespace File
Explanation:
MySQL Enterprise Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) encrypts tablespace files to protect sensitive data. It also secures binary, relay, undo, and redo logs, but it does not encrypt general query, slow query, or error logs.
When using MySQL Enterprise Transparent Data Encryption (TDE), which key must be stored outside the database?
- Private
- Public
- Tablespace
- Primary
- Master
- Master
Explanation:
When using MySQL Enterprise Transparent Data Encryption (TDE), the master key must be stored outside the database, typically in a key vault. It is used to decrypt tablespace keys, which then decrypt the actual data.
How can you install the MySQL Enterprise Masking and De
Identification feature? Select two.
- Plugin
- Stored Procedure
- Component
- Configuration File
- Plugin
- Component
Explanation:
You can install the MySQL Enterprise Masking and De-Identification feature using either:
Plugin: A set of functions that provide an SQL level API for masking and de identification.
Component: A self contained code unit that interacts with other code via services.
What makes a database backup effective ?
- Scheduling the backup
- Monitoring the backup for consistency
- Not exceeding limitations for the backup resources
- Being able to restore the backup data
- Being able to restore the backup data
Explanation:
No backup is effective unless you can use it to restore your data. It is importance not to just create backups, but to also regularly test the restoration process to ensure it works effectively.
Which of the following statements is true about the
mysqldump utility?
- mysqldump is a standard way to create physical backups
- mysqldump is excellent for backing up large databases
- mysqldump is fast and does not require locking tables
- mysqldump output is a human readable text file with SQL statements
- mysqldump output is a human readable text file with SQL statements
Explanation:
The mysqldump utility has long been a standard way to create logical backups. It creates a script made up of the SQL statements that recreate the data and structure in a database or server. As a text file, it can be edited and managed by source code management systems.
What is the MySQL Enterprise Backup utility designed for
- Create a snapshot of the MySQL storage medium
- Perform upgrades of MySQL systems
- Create Logical backup of MySQL systems
- Create Physical backup of MySQL systems
- Create Physical backup of MySQL systems
Explanation:
MySQL Enterprise Backup is a utility designed specifically for backing up MySQL systems in the most efficient and flexible way. At its simplest, it performs a physical backup of the data files, so it is fast. However, it also records the changes that were made during the time it took to do the backup, so the result is that you get a consistent backup of the data at the time the backup completed.
How does MySQL Enterprise Backup support optimistic backup?
- It locks up tables during the backup process
- It ignores data from busy tables
- It puts the database server in read only mode
- It records all data including data from busy tables
- It records all data including data from busy tables
Explanation:
MySQL Enterprise Backup supports optimistic backup. This process deals with busy tables separately from the rest of the database. It can record changes that happen in the database during the backup, for consistency. In a large dataset this can make a huge difference in performance.
What must you do to restore from a backup using MySQL Enterprise Backup ?
- Review the SQL script generated script to make sure it is valid
- Unzip the MySQL Enterprise Backup file
- Shutdown the MySQL database system
- Remove any previous files from the MySQL data directory
- Remove any previous files from the MySQL data directory
Explanation:
To restore from a backup using MySQL Enterprise Backup, you must first remove any previous files from the data directory. The restore process will fail if you attempt to restore over an existing system or backup.
What is one requirement on the source to enable source
replica replication?
A. Source must have binary logging enabled
B. Source must have sql_require_primary_key variable set to on
C. Source must have all tables use InnoDB storage engine only
D. Source must have it’s binary log format set to statement based
A. Source must have binary logging enabled
Explanation: The binary log contains “events” that describe database changes such as table creation operations or changes to table data. Binary logging must be enabled on a replication source so the record of data changes can be sent to the replica/s.
Which of the following uses the Relay Log?
A. Source
B. Replica
C. Both Source and Replica
D. Neither
B. Replica
Explanation: The relay log is written by the I/O thread and contains the transactions read from the replication source server’s binary log. The relay log is stored on the replica and used by the replica. The transactions in the relay log are applied on the replica by the SQL thread.
Which thread maintains an open connection to the source when the replica connects and is used to send the binary log contents from the source to a replica?
A. I/O thread
B. I/O binlog dump thread
C. SQL thread
D. Connection thread
B. I/O binlog dump thread
Explanation: The source creates an I/O binlog dump thread to send the binary log contents to a replica when the replica connects. This thread can be identified in the output of SHOW PROCESSLIST on the source as the binlog dump thread.
Which thread is responsible for taking a copy of the binary log events from the source and writing those to a relay log?
A. I/O thread
B. I/O binlog dump thread
C. SQL thread
D. Connection thread
A. I/O thread
Explanation: The I/O thread reads the updates that the source’s binlog dump thread sends and copies them to local files that comprise the replica’s relay log. The state of this thread is shown as Slave_IO_running in the output of SHOW REPLICA STATUS.
Which thread reads the relay log and executes the transactions that it contains on the replica?
A. I/O thread
B. I/O binlog dump thread
C. SQL thread
D. Connection thread
C. SQL thread
Explanation: The replica creates an SQL thread to read the relay log that is written by the replication I/O thread and execute the transactions contained in it.
What is the Recovery Point Objective (RPO) or data loss tolerance within a region when using MySQL InnoDB Cluster?
A. Zero
B. Seconds to minutes
C. Minutes
D. Minutes to hours
A. Zero
Explanation: MySQL InnoDB Cluster is made up of three MySQL instances: a primary instance, and two secondary instances. All data that you write to the primary instance is copied to the secondary instances using Group Replication. InnoDB Cluster guarantees if one instance fails, another takes over, with zero data loss and minimal downtime.
Which MySQL component automates InnoDB Cluster creation and makes managing the Cluster easy?
A. MySQL Workbench
B. MySQL Router
C. MySQL Shell
D. MySQL Group Replication
C. MySQL Shell
Explanation: MySQL Shell uses AdminAPI which allows you to easily deploy, configure, and administer InnoDB Cluster, InnoDB ClusterSet , and InnoDB ReplicaSet
Which MySQL component redirects application queries to available nodes in an InnoDB Cluster?
A. MySQL Workbench
B. MySQL Router
C. MySQL Shell
D. MySQL Group Replication
B. MySQL Router
Explanation: MySQL Router can automatically configure itself based on the cluster you deploy, connecting client applications transparently to the server instances. In the event of an unexpected failure of a server instance the cluster reconfigures automatically.
Which MySQL component provides automatic failover when using InnoDB Cluster?
A. MySQL Workbench
B. MySQL Router
C. MySQL Shell
D. MySQL Group Replication
D. MySQL Group Replication
Explanation: Each MySQL server instance in an InnoDB Cluster runs MySQL Group Replication, which provides the mechanism to replicate data within an InnoDB Cluster, with built in failover.
When setting up MySQL InnoDB ReplicaSet , which of the following two are not used?
A. MySQL Workbench
B. MySQL Router
C. MySQL Shell
D. MySQL Group Replication
A. MySQL Workbench
D. MySQL Group Replication
Explanation: When setting up a MySQL InnoDB ReplicaSet , MySQL Router and MySQL Shell are used. MySQL Shell provides the AdminAPI which which allows you to easily deploy, configure, and administer the ReplicaSet . Whereas, MySQL Router provides transparent routing between your application and InnoDB ReplicaSet . MySQL Workbench and Group Replication are not used.
Which part of the database is the highest source of Database Performance Problems ?
- The underlying hardware
- The database structure
- The overall size of retained data in the active dataset
- The SQL, index, and Schema group
- The SQL, index, and Schema group
Explanation:
90% of Performance Problems come from the SQL, index, and Schema group. Poor SQL query design or incorrect use of indexes can significantly impact database performance.
What does the MySQL Performance Schema do?
- It creates indexes for the SQL code
- It scales the MySQL database for better performance
- It Compresses the database for better underlying hardware management
- It provides statistics about your MySQL instance
- It provides statistics about your MySQL instance
Explanation:
One important monitoring feature in MySQL is the Performance Schema. It’s a system database that provides statistics of how MySQL executes at a low level. The performance information belongs only to the specific instance, so it isn’t replicated to other systems.
What can you do with MySQL in Oracle Enterprise Manager ?
- Backup a MySQL database instance
- Create a MySQL InnoDB ReplicaSet
- Add Extra security to the MySQL database
- Monitor MySQL Performance
*Monitor MySQL Performance
Explanation:
The Oracle Enterprise Manager tool is used to monitor the following MySQL activities: Performance, System availability, replication topology, InnoDB performance characteristics and locking, bad queries caught by the MySQL Enterprise firewall and events that are raised by MySQL Enterprise Audit.
The HeatWave service web based console allows you to do which one of the following services?
- Write SQL code
- Install MySQL Shell
- Connect to MySQL Workbench
- Deploy your instances and manage their backups
- Deploy your instances and manage their backups
Explanation:
The HeatWave service is a fully managed MySQL. Through the web based console, you can deploy your instances and manage their backups, enable high availability, resize your instances, create read replicas and perform many common administration tasks without writing a line of SQL.
From which of the following cloud services can use HeatWave
- Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
- Salesforce Cloud
- IBM Cloud
- Amazon Web Services (AWS)
- Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Explanation:
HeatWave is not just available in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. You can use HeatWave from your applications in Amazon Web Services AND Microsoft Azure too, and at a great price.
True or False
MySQL Commercial version is the better than the Community version because it provides additional tools, services, and support.
True
Which MySQL features are available in the Community Edition but only fully supported in the Enterprise Edition (pick 4):
- MySQL Router
- MySQL Replication
- MySQL Partitioning
- MySQL Document Store
- InnoDB Cluster
- MySQL Replication
- MySQL Partitioning
- MySQL Document Store
- InnoDB Cluster
MySQL Enterprise Edition Benefits of using Thread Pool (pick 3)
- reduces overhead
- minimizes CPU cache footprint
- controls the number of active threads to prevent resource contention and high context switching overhead
- decreases execution time
- reduces overhead
- minimizes CPU cache footprint
- controls the number of active threads to prevent resource contention and high context switching overhead
MySQL Enterprise Edition component or plug-in that replaces real values with substitutes
- Firewall
- Encryption/TDE
- Authentication
- Audit
- Encryption/TDE
Components that are part of the core MySQL database architecture (pick 3)
- Third Party Tools
- Clients and Applications
- Parser
- Optimizer
- Clients and Applications
- Parser
- Optimizer
Components that are part of the core MySQL database architecture (pick 3)
- QCache&Buffer
- InnoDB Storage Engine
- sysbench
- Replication and clustering
- QCache&Buffer
- InnoDB Storage Engine
- Replication and clustering
Characteristics of the MySQL Long-Term Support release model (pick 2)
- Backward compatibility
- Support life cycle: 5 years premier + 3 years extended
- Released every quarter
- Support life cycle: short term
- Backward compatibility
- Support life cycle: 5 years premier + 3 years extended
Characteristics of the MySQL Long-Term Support release model (pick 2)
- Released every 2 years
- Stable: bug fix and security patches only
- Leading edge innovations
- Easy migration between LTS and Innovation
- Released every 2 years
- Stable: bug fix and security patches only
On Linux, /var/lib/mysql is the default location for 2 of the following:
- datadir (db directory)
- InnoDB log files such as undo and redo log
- my.cnf
- mysqld.log
- datadir (db directory)
- InnoDB log files such as undo and redo log
Operating systems supported by MySQL (pick 3)
‒ Unix/Linux
‒ Microsoft Windows
‒ OS X
- Android
‒ Unix/Linux
‒ Microsoft Windows
‒ OS X
Operating systems supported by MySQL (pick 3)
‒ Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN)
- Chrome OS
‒ Solaris and OpenSolaris
‒ FreeBSD2.9
‒ Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN)
‒ Solaris and OpenSolaris
‒ FreeBSD2.9
What are the two ways to install MySQL on a Linux platform?
- Installation is done with repositories, packages (yum, rpm, deb),
- or binaries (tarball and zip)
- plugins
- Installation is done with repositories, packages (yum, rpm, deb),* test might just APT and Yum
- or binaries (tarball and zip)
