Knowledge Check #2 Flashcards
Social Influence
Real or imagined pressure to change one’s behavior, attitudes, or beliefs
Can be positive and negative
Social Support
Perceived comfort, caring, assistance, and information that a person receives from others.
2-ways to define and measure:
- Size of social network
- Amount, type of support provided
Size of Social Network
Measured by the number of groups or individuals used for support
those who perceived larger social networks (friends, followers) had greater intentions to exercise
Social Support (4 types)
Instrumental support
Emotional Support
Informational Support
Appraisal Support
Instrumental Support
Provision of tangible, practical assistance
Helps individual achieve exercise goals
Emotional Support
Expression of encouragement, caring, empathy, and concern toward a person
Can help reduce anxiety/fear and provide reassurance
Informational Support
Directions, advice, or suggestions about how to exercise
Appraisal support
Provision of feedback regarding progress
Confirmation/validation that one’s thoughts, feelings, problems, and experiences are “normal”
Sense of not being alone
Social Support and PA
Small, positive relationship between the Amount of social support and how much PA people do
Level of support associated with exercise (less support, less PA; higher support, more PA)
Family and PA
affects PA participation
Parents with dependent children are at increased risk for physical inactivity.
Negative relationship between parenthood and PA level.
Single parenthood is associated with higher levels of inactivity.
Spouse/Partner and PA
Positive effects on exercise behavior
Increase in PA correlate with happy, satisfying, stable marriage
Family Resemblance
Relationships between behaviors of parents and their children
Parents and PA
Higher PA in mothers = higher PA in daughters ; PA in fathers = more PA in sons
Decline in PA as we age
Lack of of interest
Lack of transportation
Health issues
Perceived lack of fitness
Lack of energy
Not belonging to a group
Ageism
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Ageism
Myths and stereotypes about what is appropriate at specific life stages.
Leads to discrimination of:
Societal expectations
Failure to provide programs/facilities for older adults.
