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Homeostasis and response > Knowledge builder > Flashcards

Knowledge builder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the regulation of the internal
conditions of a cell or organism optimum
conditions.?

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

What two things does homeostasis maintain

optimal conditions for?

A

enzyme action and cell function

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3
Q

Which cells detect stimuli?

A

receptors

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4
Q

which part of a control system receives and

processes information from receptors?

A

coordination centre

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5
Q

Name three parts of the control system that

can act as coordination centres

A

brain, spinal cord and pancreas

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6
Q

Which part of the control system bring
about response which restore optimum
levels?

A

effectors

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7
Q

name two effectors

A

muscles, glands

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8
Q

What enables human to react to their
surroundings and coordinate their
behaviour?

A

the nervous system

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9
Q

how is information passed through along

neurones?

A

electrical impulses

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10
Q

what two parts of the body make up the

central nervous system?

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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11
Q

what do glands secrete?

A

hormones

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12
Q

put these terms in order:
Receptor, Effector, Coordinator, Stimulus,
Response

A

stimulus, receptor, coordinator, effector, response

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13
Q

which neurone takes information from a

receptor to the coordinator?

A

sensory neurone

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14
Q

which neurone takes information from the

coordinator to the effector?

A

motor neurone

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15
Q

which neurone takes information around the central nervous system ?

A

relay neurone

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16
Q

which two words can be used to describe

reflex actions?

A

automatic and rapid

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17
Q

what do reflex actions not involve?

A

the conscious part of the brain

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18
Q

What name is given to the gap between

neurones?

A

synapse

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19
Q

what is composed of glands which secrete

hormones directly into the bloodstream?

A

the endocrine system

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20
Q

how do hormones travel to target organs ?

A

through the bloodstream

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21
Q

what is the master gland?

A

pituitary gland

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22
Q

where is the pituitary gland located?

A

the brain

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23
Q

what are two comparisons of the endocrine

system compared to the nervous system?

A

slower, acts for longer

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24
Q

which organ monitors and controls blood

glucose concentration?

A

pancreas

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25
Q

If the blood concentration is too high what

does the pancreas produce?

A

insulin

26
Q

what does the hormone insulin cause?

A

glucose to move from the blood into the cells

27
Q

In the liver and muscle cells what is excess

glucose converted to?

A

glycogen

28
Q

If the blood concentration is too low what

does the pancreas produce?

A

glucagon

29
Q

What does glucagon cause?

A

Causes glycogen to be converted to glucose

and released into the blood

30
Q

Which disorder is when the pancreas fails to

produce sufficient insulin?

A

type 1 diabetes

31
Q

How is type 1 diabetes treated?

A

Insulin injections

32
Q

How would you diagnose type 1 diabetes?

A

Uncontrolled high glucose concentrations

33
Q

Which disorder is when the body cells no
longer respond to insulin produced by the
pancreas?

A

Type 2 diabetes

34
Q

What is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?

A

obesity

35
Q

How can type 2 diabetes be treated?

A

Carbohydrate controlled diet, Following an exercise regime

36
Q

When do reproductive hormones cause

secondary sex characteristics to develop?

A

puberty

37
Q

What is the main female reproductive

hormone released in the ovary?

A

oestrogen

38
Q

Where is oestrogen produced?

A

ovary’s

39
Q

At puberty eggs begin to mature and one is
released approximately every 28 days. What
is this called?

A

ovulation

40
Q

What is the main male reproductive

hormone produced by the testes?

A

testosterone

41
Q

What does testosterone stimulate?

A

sperm production

42
Q

Which hormone causes maturation of an

egg in the ovary?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

43
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of

an egg?

A

Luteinising hormone

44
Q

Which two hormones are involved in

maintain the uterus lining?

A

Progesterone, Oestrogen

45
Q

Which hormones do oral contraceptives

inhibit?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

46
Q

How does the injection of slow release
progesterone help with controlling
pregnancy?

A

They inhibit the maturation and release of

eggs

47
Q

How do intrauterine devices help with

controlling pregnancy?

A

They prevent the implantation of an embryo

48
Q

How do barrier methods help with

controlling pregnancy?

A

they prevent sperm reaching the egg

49
Q

How do spermicidal agents help control

pregnancy?

A

kill or disable sperm

50
Q

Which hormones can be given as a “fertility

drug”?

A

FSH and LH

51
Q

What does IVF stand for?

A

In Vitro Fertilisation

52
Q

Which drugs are given to a mother during
IVF to stimulate the maturation of several
eggs?

A

FSH and LH

53
Q

What are the three main negatives

associated with IVF?

A

It is emotionally and physically
stressful, The success rates are not high, It can lead to multiple births which are
a risk to both the babies and the
mother

54
Q

What hormone is produced in the adrenal

glands?

A

adrenaline

55
Q

When is adrenaline produced?

A

in times of fear and stress

56
Q

What are the effects on the body of the

production of adrenaline?

A

Increased heart rate, Boosted delivery of oxygen and glucose

to brain and muscles

57
Q

Which hormone is produced in the thyroid

gland?

A

thyroxine

58
Q

Which hormone stimulates the basal

metabolic rate?

A

Thyroxine

59
Q

How are thyroxine levels controlled in the

body?

A

By negative feedback

60
Q

Which hormone plays an important role in

growth and development?

A

Thyroxine

Homeostasis and response (1 decks)

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