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Year 8 Yearlies > Knowledge > Flashcards

Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term static electricity

A

Static electricity is the build of charges on an object

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2
Q

Outline what is meant by ‘charge’

A

An electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of electric charge, positive or negative.

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3
Q

Explain how a charge is produced in an object

A

Electric charge is the result of excess or insufficiency of electrons (negatively charged particles) as compared to protons (positively charged particles)

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4
Q

Identify situations in which static electricity can become dangerous

A
  • pumping petrol at a service station with a phone

- if you touch a person being electrocuted while the current is still running through them

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5
Q

Identify situations in which station static electricity can be a nuisance

A
  • when it cause dirt and dust to become attracted to insulators
  • when it causes clothing to cling
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6
Q

Define the term gravity

A

Gravity is a force that pulls everything towards Earth because Earth has a large mass

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7
Q

State why gravity pulls objects towards the Earth

A

Being Earth has a large mass

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8
Q

Identify common uses of magnets

A 
Microphone
Bank cards
Scrap yards
Headphones and speakers
Alarm bells
Safes
Door locks
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9
Q

Identify how different poles of magnates interact with each other

A

Unlike poles attract while like poles repel

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10
Q

Identify that the Earth’s rotations

A

The earth rotates on its axis. This is the reason why we have day and night and the sun appears to rise and set. Rotation is like a spinning top.

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11
Q

Explain why we experience night and day

A

We experience night and day because the Earth rotates on its axis. The sun appears to rise and set because of this as well.

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12
Q

Explain why we experience seasons

A

Earth’s revolution around the sun and the tilt of the Earth’s axis gives us seasons

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13
Q

Briefly outline the history of the telescope

A

First optical telescope was developed by Galilei in 1609
He used it to view Earth’s moon, moons of Jupiter and Saturn’s rings
The Hubble telescope was launched in 1990
Hubble has provided info to work out the age of the universe

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14
Q

Describe how an optical telescope works

A

Optical telescopes work by using light to function

All light that travels through a biconvex lens is bent towards one point

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15
Q

Discuss how advances in telescope technology have changed or enhanced our understanding of the solar system

A

Telescopes allow us to see distant objects more clearly
Showed us that the moon has craters
Showed us there are many more stars then we thought
Showed us Saturn has rings
Opened us up to a variety of planets

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16
Q

Describe filtration and give examples of where it is used

A

Filtration is a separation technique where a mixture is poured through a filter, the liquid passes through the filter paper and the solids are left behind
Can only be used to separate suspensions not a solution

A/C
Cigarette
Clothes dryer
Coffee machine
Colander
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17
Q

Decantation definition and examples of where it is used

A

Decanting is just allowing a mixture of solid and liquid or two liquids to settle and separate by gravity. Once the mixture contents have separated, the lighter liquid is poured off leaving the heavier liquid or solid behind. This process can be very slow

Can be used to separate
Oil and water
Dirt and water
Wine
Cream and milk
Blood and plasma
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18
Q

Magnetic separation definition and where it is used

A

Magnetic separation is the process of separating components of mixtures by using magnets to attract magnetic materials

At recycling centres
Mining

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19
Q

Evaporation definition and when it is used

A

Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from a solution. The solution is heated so that the water evaporates and leaves the dissolved solid behind

Removing salt from sea water
Removing water from a mineral sample
Removing water from plant material
Dehydrating food

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20
Q

Crystallisation definition and where it is used

A

Crystallisation is a separation technique in which the solution is warned in an open container. This allows the solvent to evaporate forming a saturated solution. As the saturation solution is allowed to cool, the solid will come out of the solution and crystals will start to grow

Making art
Making crystals for decoration

21
Q

Chromatography definition and where it is used

A

This is a separation technique to separate a mixture by passing it in a solution or suspension through a medium in which the components moves at different rates
Help catch criminals
Analysis blood and cloth samples

22
Q

Distillation definition and where it is used

A

A technique used to separate liquid from a mixture. The solution is heated so that the liquid evaporates and is turned into a gas. Everything else is left behind. The gas coil and turns back to a liquid.
Produces important products from crude oil
Used to increase the alcohol content of alcoholic drinks

23
Q

Describe Conduction and give examples of where it’s seen

A

The transfer of heat through collisions between particles
After a car is turned on
A radiator
Heating pad

24
Q

Describe convection and where it can been

A

The transfer of heat through the flow of particles

Water boiling in a pot

25
Q

Describe radiation and where it can be seen

A

A method of heat transfer that does not require particles in order to transfer heat from one place to another

Soils
Air
Water
Food

26
Q

Define the term energy efficiency and discuss implications of energy efficiency

A

Energy efficiency means using less energy to perform the same task to eliminate energy waste.
Implications of energy efficiency include:
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy import dependency
Create jobs
Boost energy security

27
Q

Outline and discuss advances in the efficiency of appliances such as light globes and cooking appliances

A

Well, appliances these days are a lot more reliable then they used to be. They last longer and the way they are made is more intricate and in most cases, machines make them which leaves little room for mistakes.

28
Q

Identify the main parts/organs involved in the digestive system and state the roll of it

A 
The digestive system breaks down food and allows it to be absorbed into the bloodstream. 
The parts/organs involved in this process are:
Teeth
Saliva
Oesophagus
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
29
Q

Identify the main parts/organs involved in the respiratory system and the role of it

A 
The respiratory system allows for oxygen and carbon dioxide to move in and out of the body. This process involves:
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Ribs
30
Q

Identify the main parts/organs involved in the circulatory system and the roll of it

A 
The circulatory system carries oxygen, food and waste around the body. This process involves:
Heart
Lungs
Arteries
Veins
Coronary
Portal vessels
31
Q

How do the digestive,respiratory and circulatory systems work together to keep organisms alive?

A

???

32
Q

Describe the process of photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.

33
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide and water uses sunlight and chlorophyll to turn it into oxygen and glucose

34
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

6Co2+6h2o——> C6H12O6 and 6o2

35
Q

Describe the process of cellular respiration

A

Break down glucose molecules

Release energy

Form molecules of ATP

Overall, this process involves glucose and oxygen reacting to form carbon dioxide and water

36
Q

What is the word equation for cellular respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen ————-> carbon dioxide + water + energy

37
Q

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration

A

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 ———-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

38
Q

What is the difference between renewable and non renewable energy

A

Renewable energy can be replenished quickly while non renewable energy cannot be replenished or can take millions of years to do so

39
Q

Examples of renewable energy

A 
Solar energy
Wind energy
Hydro energy
Tidal energy
Geothermal energy
Biomass energy
40
Q

Examples of non renewable energy

A

Fossil fuels
Coal
Oil
Nuclear energy

41
Q

Identify different types of mines

A 
Open cut
Strip
Quarry
Alluvial
Underground
42
Q

Discuss impacts of different types of mines

A

Damages environment
Increases employment
Improves the economy

43
Q

Discuss factors that need to be considered prior to mining

A

Resources available
Type of mining necessary
Cost of processing the ore
Location of the mine
Cost of transporting the ore to market
Environmental cost of rehabilitating the mines area
Cost of compensation which may need to be paid to local population

44
Q

How to calculate force

A

Force = mass x acceleration

F = m x a

45
Q

How to calculate kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy is equal to half of an objects mass multiplied by the velocity squared.

KE = 1/2 mv squared

46
Q

How to calculate potential energy

A

Potential energy = mass x gravity (acceleration) x height

PE = m x g x h

47
Q

How to calculate energy efficiency

A

Dividing the energy obtained by the initial energy.

48
Q

Define the law of conversation of energy

A

Energy can’t be created or destroyed, just transformed

Year 8 Yearlies (1 decks)

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