Knowledge Flashcards
(48 cards)
Define the term static electricity
Static electricity is the build of charges on an object
Outline what is meant by ‘charge’
An electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of electric charge, positive or negative.
Explain how a charge is produced in an object
Electric charge is the result of excess or insufficiency of electrons (negatively charged particles) as compared to protons (positively charged particles)
Identify situations in which static electricity can become dangerous
- pumping petrol at a service station with a phone
- if you touch a person being electrocuted while the current is still running through them
Identify situations in which station static electricity can be a nuisance
- when it cause dirt and dust to become attracted to insulators
- when it causes clothing to cling
Define the term gravity
Gravity is a force that pulls everything towards Earth because Earth has a large mass
State why gravity pulls objects towards the Earth
Being Earth has a large mass
Identify common uses of magnets
Microphone Bank cards Scrap yards Headphones and speakers Alarm bells Safes Door locks
Identify how different poles of magnates interact with each other
Unlike poles attract while like poles repel
Identify that the Earth’s rotations
The earth rotates on its axis. This is the reason why we have day and night and the sun appears to rise and set. Rotation is like a spinning top.
Explain why we experience night and day
We experience night and day because the Earth rotates on its axis. The sun appears to rise and set because of this as well.
Explain why we experience seasons
Earth’s revolution around the sun and the tilt of the Earth’s axis gives us seasons
Briefly outline the history of the telescope
First optical telescope was developed by Galilei in 1609
He used it to view Earth’s moon, moons of Jupiter and Saturn’s rings
The Hubble telescope was launched in 1990
Hubble has provided info to work out the age of the universe
Describe how an optical telescope works
Optical telescopes work by using light to function
All light that travels through a biconvex lens is bent towards one point
Discuss how advances in telescope technology have changed or enhanced our understanding of the solar system
Telescopes allow us to see distant objects more clearly
Showed us that the moon has craters
Showed us there are many more stars then we thought
Showed us Saturn has rings
Opened us up to a variety of planets
Describe filtration and give examples of where it is used
Filtration is a separation technique where a mixture is poured through a filter, the liquid passes through the filter paper and the solids are left behind
Can only be used to separate suspensions not a solution
A/C Cigarette Clothes dryer Coffee machine Colander
Decantation definition and examples of where it is used
Decanting is just allowing a mixture of solid and liquid or two liquids to settle and separate by gravity. Once the mixture contents have separated, the lighter liquid is poured off leaving the heavier liquid or solid behind. This process can be very slow
Can be used to separate Oil and water Dirt and water Wine Cream and milk Blood and plasma
Magnetic separation definition and where it is used
Magnetic separation is the process of separating components of mixtures by using magnets to attract magnetic materials
At recycling centres
Mining
Evaporation definition and when it is used
Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from a solution. The solution is heated so that the water evaporates and leaves the dissolved solid behind
Removing salt from sea water
Removing water from a mineral sample
Removing water from plant material
Dehydrating food
Crystallisation definition and where it is used
Crystallisation is a separation technique in which the solution is warned in an open container. This allows the solvent to evaporate forming a saturated solution. As the saturation solution is allowed to cool, the solid will come out of the solution and crystals will start to grow
Making art
Making crystals for decoration
Chromatography definition and where it is used
This is a separation technique to separate a mixture by passing it in a solution or suspension through a medium in which the components moves at different rates
Help catch criminals
Analysis blood and cloth samples
Distillation definition and where it is used
A technique used to separate liquid from a mixture. The solution is heated so that the liquid evaporates and is turned into a gas. Everything else is left behind. The gas coil and turns back to a liquid.
Produces important products from crude oil
Used to increase the alcohol content of alcoholic drinks
Describe Conduction and give examples of where it’s seen
The transfer of heat through collisions between particles
After a car is turned on
A radiator
Heating pad
Describe convection and where it can been
The transfer of heat through the flow of particles
Water boiling in a pot
