Knowledge Flashcards
Define the term static electricity
Static electricity is the build of charges on an object
Outline what is meant by ‘charge’
An electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of electric charge, positive or negative.
Explain how a charge is produced in an object
Electric charge is the result of excess or insufficiency of electrons (negatively charged particles) as compared to protons (positively charged particles)
Identify situations in which static electricity can become dangerous
- pumping petrol at a service station with a phone
- if you touch a person being electrocuted while the current is still running through them
Identify situations in which station static electricity can be a nuisance
- when it cause dirt and dust to become attracted to insulators
- when it causes clothing to cling
Define the term gravity
Gravity is a force that pulls everything towards Earth because Earth has a large mass
State why gravity pulls objects towards the Earth
Being Earth has a large mass
Identify common uses of magnets
Microphone Bank cards Scrap yards Headphones and speakers Alarm bells Safes Door locks
Identify how different poles of magnates interact with each other
Unlike poles attract while like poles repel
Identify that the Earth’s rotations
The earth rotates on its axis. This is the reason why we have day and night and the sun appears to rise and set. Rotation is like a spinning top.
Explain why we experience night and day
We experience night and day because the Earth rotates on its axis. The sun appears to rise and set because of this as well.
Explain why we experience seasons
Earth’s revolution around the sun and the tilt of the Earth’s axis gives us seasons
Briefly outline the history of the telescope
First optical telescope was developed by Galilei in 1609
He used it to view Earth’s moon, moons of Jupiter and Saturn’s rings
The Hubble telescope was launched in 1990
Hubble has provided info to work out the age of the universe
Describe how an optical telescope works
Optical telescopes work by using light to function
All light that travels through a biconvex lens is bent towards one point
Discuss how advances in telescope technology have changed or enhanced our understanding of the solar system
Telescopes allow us to see distant objects more clearly
Showed us that the moon has craters
Showed us there are many more stars then we thought
Showed us Saturn has rings
Opened us up to a variety of planets
Describe filtration and give examples of where it is used
Filtration is a separation technique where a mixture is poured through a filter, the liquid passes through the filter paper and the solids are left behind
Can only be used to separate suspensions not a solution
A/C Cigarette Clothes dryer Coffee machine Colander
Decantation definition and examples of where it is used
Decanting is just allowing a mixture of solid and liquid or two liquids to settle and separate by gravity. Once the mixture contents have separated, the lighter liquid is poured off leaving the heavier liquid or solid behind. This process can be very slow
Can be used to separate Oil and water Dirt and water Wine Cream and milk Blood and plasma
Magnetic separation definition and where it is used
Magnetic separation is the process of separating components of mixtures by using magnets to attract magnetic materials
At recycling centres
Mining
Evaporation definition and when it is used
Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from a solution. The solution is heated so that the water evaporates and leaves the dissolved solid behind
Removing salt from sea water
Removing water from a mineral sample
Removing water from plant material
Dehydrating food
Crystallisation definition and where it is used
Crystallisation is a separation technique in which the solution is warned in an open container. This allows the solvent to evaporate forming a saturated solution. As the saturation solution is allowed to cool, the solid will come out of the solution and crystals will start to grow
Making art
Making crystals for decoration
Chromatography definition and where it is used
This is a separation technique to separate a mixture by passing it in a solution or suspension through a medium in which the components moves at different rates
Help catch criminals
Analysis blood and cloth samples
Distillation definition and where it is used
A technique used to separate liquid from a mixture. The solution is heated so that the liquid evaporates and is turned into a gas. Everything else is left behind. The gas coil and turns back to a liquid.
Produces important products from crude oil
Used to increase the alcohol content of alcoholic drinks
Describe Conduction and give examples of where it’s seen
The transfer of heat through collisions between particles
After a car is turned on
A radiator
Heating pad
Describe convection and where it can been
The transfer of heat through the flow of particles
Water boiling in a pot
Describe radiation and where it can be seen
A method of heat transfer that does not require particles in order to transfer heat from one place to another
Soils
Air
Water
Food
Define the term energy efficiency and discuss implications of energy efficiency
Energy efficiency means using less energy to perform the same task to eliminate energy waste.
Implications of energy efficiency include:
Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy import dependency
Create jobs
Boost energy security
Outline and discuss advances in the efficiency of appliances such as light globes and cooking appliances
Well, appliances these days are a lot more reliable then they used to be. They last longer and the way they are made is more intricate and in most cases, machines make them which leaves little room for mistakes.
Identify the main parts/organs involved in the digestive system and state the roll of it
The digestive system breaks down food and allows it to be absorbed into the bloodstream. The parts/organs involved in this process are: Teeth Saliva Oesophagus Liver Stomach Pancreas Small intestine Large intestine Rectum
Identify the main parts/organs involved in the respiratory system and the role of it
The respiratory system allows for oxygen and carbon dioxide to move in and out of the body. This process involves: Trachea Bronchi Alveoli Diaphragm Ribs
Identify the main parts/organs involved in the circulatory system and the roll of it
The circulatory system carries oxygen, food and waste around the body. This process involves: Heart Lungs Arteries Veins Coronary Portal vessels
How do the digestive,respiratory and circulatory systems work together to keep organisms alive?
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Describe the process of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.
What is the word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water uses sunlight and chlorophyll to turn it into oxygen and glucose
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis
6Co2+6h2o——> C6H12O6 and 6o2
Describe the process of cellular respiration
Break down glucose molecules
Release energy
Form molecules of ATP
Overall, this process involves glucose and oxygen reacting to form carbon dioxide and water
What is the word equation for cellular respiration
Glucose + oxygen ————-> carbon dioxide + water + energy
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 ———-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What is the difference between renewable and non renewable energy
Renewable energy can be replenished quickly while non renewable energy cannot be replenished or can take millions of years to do so
Examples of renewable energy
Solar energy Wind energy Hydro energy Tidal energy Geothermal energy Biomass energy
Examples of non renewable energy
Fossil fuels
Coal
Oil
Nuclear energy
Identify different types of mines
Open cut Strip Quarry Alluvial Underground
Discuss impacts of different types of mines
Damages environment
Increases employment
Improves the economy
Discuss factors that need to be considered prior to mining
Resources available
Type of mining necessary
Cost of processing the ore
Location of the mine
Cost of transporting the ore to market
Environmental cost of rehabilitating the mines area
Cost of compensation which may need to be paid to local population
How to calculate force
Force = mass x acceleration
F = m x a
How to calculate kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is equal to half of an objects mass multiplied by the velocity squared.
KE = 1/2 mv squared
How to calculate potential energy
Potential energy = mass x gravity (acceleration) x height
PE = m x g x h
How to calculate energy efficiency
Dividing the energy obtained by the initial energy.
Define the law of conversation of energy
Energy can’t be created or destroyed, just transformed
