Knowledge Flashcards
Category
a group of items that are classified together
Categorization
process by which items are placed in categories
Family Resemblance
idea that items in a particular category resemble each other
Prototype
average, typical or idealized member of a category
Protypicality
the degree to which they match or resemble the prototype
Typicality effect
high prototypical members of a category are verified faster than low-prototypical members
Exemplar
a member of a category that has been experienced in the past
Ad hoc category
novel category created spontaneously for a specialized context
Hierarchical organization
larger, general categories divided into many smaller, more specific categories
Preferential looking procedure
familiarization phase
preference testing phase
Cognitive economy
shared properties stored at higher level nodes
Spreading Activation
activity that spreads out along links between connected nodes in a semantic network
Lexical decision task
judging whether a stimulus was a word
Schema
persons knowledge about what is involved in a particular experience
Script
type of schema that describes the stereotypical sequence of actions involved in an activity/event
Category specific memory impairment
difficulty identifying members of one category while retaining the ability to identify members of other categories
Hub and spoke model
proposes that areas of the brain specialized for different function are “spokes” linked to a “hub”, the anterior temporal lobe
Semantic dementia
general loss of knowledge for all concepts
Embodied cognition
proposal that some knowledge is based on reactivation of sensory and motor processes associated with actual experience
Mirror neurons
neurons that respond both when performing and observing an action
