Knowledge Flashcards
1
Q
State code 46.2-882
A
Operator requirements
2
Q
What are the operator requirements
A
Certified LEO Radar certification class 16 hours 8 hours OJT w/ certified operator In uniform Use approved device Recert every 3 years Calibrate device daily Tuning forks and speedometer certified every 6 months
3
Q
State code 46.2-870
A
Speeding General
4
Q
Elements of RADAR speeding offense
A
Jurisdiction Authority Speed limit/speed recorded Device info/calibration Tracking history Patrol speed verification if moving Target ID driver ID drivers statement as to their speed and what they thought the speed limit was
5
Q
What is “We enforce all traffic laws but have some discretion over minor offenses”
A
Speeding Tolerances - Standard Answer
6
Q
RADAR Acronym
A
R/A - RAdio
D - Detection
A - And
R - Ranging
7
Q
Police RADAR detects what only?
A
Relative Motion
8
Q
Police RADAR does not detect what?
A
Direction
9
Q
What interprets the change in frequency as speed?
A
The RADAR unit processor
10
Q
What is made up of a peak and a valley?
A
A Wave
11
Q
What is a wave length?
A
The distance between the beginning of the peak to the end of the valley?
12
Q
What is the number of waves sent out in the signal during one second of time?
A
The frequency
13
Q
T/F: Speed of the RADAR signals is not constant.
A
False
14
Q
What is the speed of the RADAR signals?
A
186,000 miles per second (constant)
Speed of Light
Transmitted signal stays the same on the frequency changes
15
Q
Wavelength + Frequency = ?
A
Speed
16
Q
T/F: Speed is constant?
A
True
17
Q
What principle is when you have two objects, with relative motion, with one emitting an energy wave and causes the frequency of energy wave to change because of this motion?
A
The doppler principle
18
Q
What doe the RADAR read to show the speed?
A
It reads the frequency shift caused by the doppler principle
19
Q
What are some characteristics of K-Band RADAR?
A
24,150,000,000 waves per second
24,150 MHz
24.150 GHz
1/2” inch wave length
20
Q
The golden eagle unit that traffic uses is what band of RADAR?
A
Ka Band
21
Q
T/F: If objects are moving at the same speed in the same direction and the distance remains the same then there is no relative motion.
A
True
22
Q
What happens to the frequency if the motion is closing?
A
Frequency Increases
23
Q
What happens to the frequency if the motion takes the objects further away?
A
Frequency decreases
24
Q
What is the length is infinite unless it is reflected, absorbed or refracted?
A
Properties of a RADAR beam
25
What does the operational range depend on?
The sensitivity setting of the antenna receiver.
26
What percentage of the signals power is in the main lobe?
80%
27
What does the K-Band RADAR beam equal?
21% of the distance
| ex. 21' at 100' or 42' at 200'
28
What degree of angle is the typical K-Band width?
12 degrees
29
What is the typical X Band beam width?
16 degrees of width
30
What is the Stationary RADAR Angular Effect also called?
The COSINE Effect
31
At what degree does the COSINE Effect begin at?
8 Degrees
32
T/F: RADAR can measure the exact speed of the target if it is approaching or retreating at any angle from or to the RADAR.
FALSE - it must be straight on or the COSINE effect kicks in at 8 degrees
33
If your set up creates an angle where the RADAR reading is more then + or - 3 MPH different then your visual estimate are you still properly set up?
NO
34
Where does moving RADAR get the patrol speed from?
Stationary Terrain
35
Which type of DOPPLER does the RADAR unit use to measure the Patrol Speed?
The low doppler
36
What speed does the High Doppler get?
The combined speed or the target and the patrol vehicles. It subtracts the patrol speed from the combined speed to get the TARGET Speed.
37
How does moving RADAR compute the speed When traveling in opposite directions?
TS = CS - PS
| Target Speed = Closing Speed - Patrol Speed
38
How is speed computed for same direction moving RADAR?
TS = SS + PS
| Target Speed = Separation Speed + Patrol Speed
39
What is the processor formula for moving radar in the same direction?
TS=SS+PS
40
T/F: The GOLDEN EAGLE requires no user input to determine FASTEST MODE
False the system has no automatic settings it requires operator input to tell the processor is you are gaining on the violator.
41
T/F: Target Speed is usually the most dominate.
False
42
Which signal will be returned and displayed speed if multiple targets are present in stationary RADAR?
The Strongest
43
What are the visual observation and estimations of speed, the Correlation of doppler audio and the visual estimate of speed with the displayed speed, establishing that the target is within the operational area, and if in moving mode that the patrol speed is verified, considered?
The tracking history elements
44
What should you do if your visual estimate does not confirm the RADAR reading?
You should take no action
45
What does Virginia State Code 46.2-1079 address?
RADAR Detectors, they are illegal in Virginia and there are warning signs at all entrances.
46
What are the needed elements to enforce 46.2-1079 involving the enforcement of the RADAR Detector law?
1 - In the passenger compartment
2 - Available Power Source
3 - Looks like a RADAR detector
47
T/F: Mirror switching is still allowed in the state specifications for RADAR equipment.
False
48
What band does the Golden Eagle operate on?
Ka Band
49
What are the 5 parts of the RADAR unit head?
```
Transmitter
Antenna
Coupler
Duplexer
Diode Mixer
```
50
What does the transmitter do?
It sends the signal
51
What does the antenna do?
It generates the waves into a beam
52
What does the coupler do?
It is a shielded cable that connects the transmitter to the duplexer
53
What does the duplexer do?
Allows the unit to transmit and receive
54
What does the DIODE MIXER do?
It holds the frequency sample
55
What are the ABC's of set up?
Antenna
Box
Current
Also known as the order of setup
56
T/F: RADAR Effects are RADAR Errors.
False
57
What are some common RADAR Effects?
```
Interference
Multi Band Beam Cancellation Effect
Scanning
Turn On Power Surge
Panning Effect
Shadowing Effect
Batching Effect
```
58
What is the Interference Effect?
Caused by RFI, Ghost Readings, Blower Motor and other microwave sources
59
What is the Multi Band Beam Cancellation Effect?
Blind Spots, Terrain and highway signs
60
What is the scanning effect?
When you rapidly move the antenna
61
What is the Turn on Power Surge?
It is caused from turning the unit off and on or plugging it in while its turned on
62
What is the Panning Effect?
It is when you point the Antenna at the counting unit
63
What is the shadowing effect?
When running moving RADAR, the RADAR patrol speed is lower then the true speed, this difference is added to the Target Speed
64
What is the Batching Effect?
Unit shows the closing speed instead of the patrol speed, can be caused by rapid acceleration or deceleration.
65
Which RADAR effects are unique to Handheld Stationary RADAR Effects?
Scanning Effect (Rapid Movement of the Antenna)
Turn on Power Surge
All other effects are moving/two piece RADARs only
Both are operator errors
66
What is Turn on Power surge and how do you avoid it?
Turning on-off to avoid RADAR detectors
Allow RADAR to stabilize when turned on
and Use the HOLD function
67
What causes scanning and how do you avoid it?
Scanning is caused by rapid movement of the RADAR unit and to avoid it Hold the device still, disregard the readings while the unit is in motion and use the tracking history.
68
Which RADAR Effects are Moving RADAR specific?
Batching and Shadowing
69
What is batching and how do you avoid it?
In moving mode only
Caused by rapid acceleration or deceleration with failure of RADAR processor to update the patrol speed
To Avoid:
Disregard readings while accelerating or decelerating and use the tracking history
70
What is shadowing and how do you avoid it?
In moving mode only
Caused by overtaking a larger slower moving vehicle this can lower the Patrol Speed which increases the Target Speed
To Avoid:
Verify the Patrol Speed with the speedometer and use the tracking history
71
What is the panning effect and how do you avoid it?
```
Possible with 2 piece RADAR only
caused by aiming the antenna at the counting unit
To avoid it:
Use proper antenna mounting
Listen to the Audio Doppler
Use tracking history
```
72
What is Multi Band Beam Cancellation effect and how do you avoid it?
```
Multiple reflections cause processor confusion
To Avoid:
Pay close attention to Doppler Audio
Use tracking history
Change Location
```
73
What happens if there is interference inside the patrol car?
```
RFI locks up the newer system
To Avoid:
Check for interference with RADAR
Listen to Doppler Audio carefully
Hold device outside vehicle
Use tracking history
```
74
T/F: When it comes to RADAR effects the operator can always ID the cause or source of an effect.
False
75
T/F: The operator can easily deal with effects by using common sense and tracking history
True
76
What should the Internal test read and is there any tolerance for anything else?
32 and No
77
What is the tolerance for the tuning fork test?
+ or - 1 MPH
78
What is the tolerance for Speedometer accuracy?
+ or - 2 MPH
79
How often must tuning forks be calibrated?
Every 6 months
80
How often must the speedometer be calibrated?
Every 6 months
81
What is the processor formula for the Golden Eagle moving RADAR?
TS = SS + PS (separation speed + patrol speed)
82
T/F: The golden eagle feature automatically sets the fastest vehicle option.
False, it requires operator input
83
The Case Law involving State v. Dantonio addresses what?
NJ Supreme Court takes judicial notice of the doppler principle
DANTONIO = DOPPLER
84
The case law State v. Tomanelly address what?
CT Supreme Court takes judicial notice of the tuning fork test
TOMANELLY = TUNING
