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MIC > know your organ bactetia > Flashcards

know your organ bactetia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the bacterial species in the nose

A

staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermis
corynebacterium species

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2
Q

what are the bacterial species in the throat

A

strep species
neisseria species
haemophilus species
mycoplasma species
branhamella catarrhalis
corynebacterium species

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3
Q

what are the bacterial species in the large intestine

A

e colli
proteus mirabilis
klebsiella species
lactobacillus species
strep species
candida albicans
clostridium species
pseudomonas species
enterococcus species

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4
Q

what are the bacterial species in the mouth

A

strep species
fusobacterium species
actinomyces species

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5
Q

what are the bacterial species in the skin

A

staphylococcus epidermis
propionibacterium acnes
pityrosporum ovale

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6
Q

what are the bacterial species in the vagina

A

lactobacillus species
strep species
candida albicans
gadnerella vaginalis

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7
Q

what are the bacterial species in the urethra

A

strep species
mycobacterium species
e colli
bacteroides species

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8
Q

what are examples of gram positive bacteria

A

staphylococcus aureus
alpha, beta haemolytic strep
enterococcus species
listeria monocytogenes
bacillus

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9
Q

examples of gram negative bacteria

A

coliforms/enterobacterales
- e colli
- klebsiella
- proteus
- enterobacter

pseudomonas aeruginosa
neiserria meningitis
neiserria gonorrhoea
salmonella
vibrio
haemophilus influenzae
acinetobacter

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10
Q

what is commensal bacteria

A

normal flora found in human body that is not harmful

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11
Q

what are the 7 bacterial gastroenteritis

A
  1. salmonella species
  2. salmonella typhi/salmonella paratyphi
  3. shigella species
  4. campylobacter jejuni
  5. ecolli
  6. vibrio species
  7. clostridium difficile
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12
Q

what is coloninsation of bacteria

A

presence of bacteria with no infection usually in warm moist areas in body that are not harmful

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13
Q

what is bacteria infection

A

invasion and multiplication of pathogens resulting in disease

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14
Q

example of salmonella species

A

s enteriditis

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15
Q

mode of transmission for salmonella species
prevention
cure

A

food
cure : self limiting

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16
Q

mode of transmission of salmonella typhi (typhoid fever)
treatment
prevention

A

water borne
treatment : Abx
consequences : sepsis

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17
Q

mode of transmission of salmonella paratyphi

A

person to person (ingestion of food and water contaminated by faeces/urine)

imported infection, not endemic in SG

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18
Q

mode of transmission of shigella species
how to prevent
what’s the cure

A

person to person
prevention : maintain good hydration
cure : self limiting

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19
Q

mode of transmission of campylobacter jejuni
what’s the cure

A

food (chicken)
cure : self limiting

20
Q

mode of transmission of vibrio species
what’s the cure

A

food (raw seafood/sushi)
cure : self limiting

21
Q

mode of transmission of clostridium difficile
what’s the consequences

A
  1. Abx exposure - person to person
  2. contaminated hospital environment

toxin megacolon, colitis, fatality

22
Q

what are the viral gastroenteritis

A

norovirus
rotavirus
adenovirus

23
Q

mode of transmission for norovirus
clinical presentation
cure

A

contaminated shellfish/water
human to human faecal oral or formites

clinical presentation : diarrhoea

cure : self limiting

24
Q

mode of transmission for rotavirus
clinical presentation
cure

A

person to person : common in children
most common paeds diarrhoea
cure : self limiting

25
Q

mode of transmission for adenovirus
clinical presentation
cure

A

person to person : 2nd common cause of paeds diarrhoea
cure : self limiting

26
Q

what samples to send for bacteria gastroenteritis
turn around time

A

stool for C&S
24-48 hours

27
Q

what is the bacteria that does not need c&s for stool collection

A

C diff. culture not performed because bacteria won’t grow

28
Q

what samples to send for viruses

A

enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

29
Q

what samples to send for parasites

A

stool for microscopy OCP - ova cyst parasites
NO CULTURE

30
Q

what environment can h pylori survive well in

A

acidic gastric content environment

31
Q

what is peritonitis

A

perforation of intestines/gall bladder/other organs in abdomen

32
Q

peritonitis for perforation of intestines

A

coliforms
pseudomonas aeruginosa
anaerobes
enterococci

33
Q

peritonitis associated with PD

A

Coliforms
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Anaerobes
Enterococci
Candida

AND
Members of skin flora (usually Coag neg Staphylococcus)
• Staph aureus
• Other environmental bacteria (because of the plastic tube!)

34
Q

what is the clinical presentation of vibrio cholera

A

rice water stool

35
Q

common pharyngitis pathogen

A

viruses + group A strep

36
Q

complications of group A strep

A

rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease

Abx for prophylaxis fever

37
Q

what is the prevention treatment for diptheria

A

vaccination - national vac programmes in developed countries
Abx prophylaxis for close contacts

38
Q

sample to send for diphtheria

A

cultural of clinical specimen eg. nasopharyngeal or throat swab

39
Q

what is otitis externae

A

infection of external auditory canal - water trap causing infection

40
Q

bacteria responsible for OE

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa, staph aureus

41
Q

bacteria responsible for otitis media

A

haemophilus influenzae, strep pneumonia, staph aureus, grp A strep

42
Q

what is otitis media

A

obstruction of eustachian tube, following viral infection

43
Q

complications of OM

A

mastoiditis - infection of mastoid - can lead to brain abscess
Abx given due to bacteria cause

44
Q

bacteria responsible for sinusitis

A

haemophilus influenzae
strep pneumoniae

45
Q

pathogens responsible for conjunctivitis

A

• Staph aureus
• Strep pneumoniae
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa (contact lens)
bacterial
person)
N gonorrhea (serious, progress to keratitis)

Viruses: Adenovirus, Enterovirus, HSV etc.

Chlamydia trachomatis - STD in developed countries, transmitted by flies in poor countries!
Parasite: Microsporidia - from soil

46
Q

pathogens responsible for keratitis

A

Bacteria - staph aureus, strep pneumonia, haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, N gonnorhea PLUS (coliforms, Group A Strep in some cases)

Viruses - HSV commonest, VZV, EBV, Measles

Fungi
• Candida
• Aspergillus (trauma related eye injury)
• Steroid eye drop use

Parasites
Microsporidia - from soil
Acanthamoeba - contact lenses cleaned with tap water

MIC (3 decks)

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