knobology Flashcards
How does SonoCT help?
It gives increased margin definition enabling you to see behind lesions, gets rid of edge shadow, reducing angle artifacts ,and speckle noise.
Why does SonoCt not work with color?
There are less lines of sight so you much turn up your gain when you use color.
How does elevation Compounding help?
It enhances contrast resolution reduces overall noise. It does this by taking multiple planes together to make one display plane.
Why should you use Xres?
It has no optimization consequence gets rid of haze by allowing significant artifact and target enhancement. Use and leave on!!!
(fetal kidney margins)
Why should you always use SonoCT and Xres?
Reinforced tissue details, enhanced margins and borders decreased artifacts and increased information. (muscle borders)
For 2d optimization why should you use Auto scan?
It continuously optimizes the 2d image brightness at the default gain and TGC, and you don’t have to keep hitting the Iscan.
In 2D OPT what three settings do you have and how should you use them?
Gen: Average, 3
Res: Resolution 1, 2 superficial
Pen: Penetration 4,5 Deep
What happens when you adjust Dynamic Range?
It is a trade off between temporal and spatial resolution, the higher the DR the more shades of gray , the lower the DR the less the shades of gray
So when would you want to increase the Dynamic Range?
For the liver and kidneys
So when would you want to decrease the Dynamic Range?
For black and white Like Nuchal Translucency
What is the trade off by using tissue harmonic imaging?
You lose penetration
Why use tissue Harmonic imaging?
It cleans up cystic structures
When could Harmonic imaging be detrimental?
In the GB you could miss sludge or the NT if it is really deep
How would you make a color Doppler image of the ovaries optimal?
use freq. opt flow, opt wall filter, all on low
What does the persistence on color flow do?
Its on pg 2 and it delays color to fill in.
At 20 weeks what should you adjust to get great fetal kidneys?
Adjust the XRES to 2
What EPIC post processing features are there?
Adjustable gain and Dynamic Range
Auto scan in the 2d real time and you won’t ever have to
Output power settings are?
TIS= Thermal Index Soft tissue TIB= Thermal Index Bone TIC= thermal Index Cranium
On a venous exam what should you try to keep out of the ROI box?
The artery
Describe a dominant vessel.
The one with the most flow. (its not neccesarily the largest) you should elongate enough to detect the flow orientation, and go far away from branching to achieve the most accurate angle
What is AFT in color Doppler?
The cruise control for Doppler (use it)
What do you do if you have lack of penetration?
Select the right TPS, select pen, check focal zone, press iscan increase power or gain(knob), and adjust TGC (sliders)
What do you do if you have poor resolution?
press Iscan, decrease image width, increase focal zone and persistence( to smooth out the image), press harmonics, select RES if penetration isn’t an issue
What do you do if an image is too soft hazy or gray?
Press Iscan, decrease 2d gain compression and persistence, move TGC to the left to decrease gain, change the grayscale map and press harmonics.
How do you get faster frame rates?
Decrease field of view ,persistence, and focal range, use a smaller image width use HD zoom, Press 2D PRF to increase frame Rate, utilize cine loop
What do you do if an image is too contrasty or grainy?
Press Iscan change the gray map, increase compression, increase persistance and adjust harmonic to HRes if penetration isn’t an issue
What can you do if you can’t see the soft tissue?
Reposition the transducer window, press I scan, increase gain persistence and output power, adjust compression, press harmonics and select best 2d OPT. adjust smoothing setting, Press Chroma to improve contrast resolution
What four image quality improvements are evident when using SonoCT?
tissue detail, enhanced borders and margins, decreased artifacts, increased information
What two image quality improvements are evident when using harmonics?
Reduced image artifacts and increased resolution
What happens to penetration when using harmonics?
Penetration is usually decreased as the frequency is increased
Why should you begin and exam with the pots centered?
Gain can be selectively applied, the TGC is setup for each TSP setting, Centered is optimal Smart TGC allows a calibration between TGC amd TSP
What three parameters automatically optimize when utilizing iscan?
Overall gain, TGC, and compression
How does decreasing the wall filter help with low flow rates?
Allows you to see low level flow. if the wall filter is high you can get errounouls giving no flow
To see low flow states in the ovary or thyroid what should you do?
increase the write priority to apply more color to the low-level echoes. (move the green bar up)
What happens if the write priority is too low?
No color signal will be appreciated
Can you change the write priority on a frozen image?
Remember echo write priority is a post processing function. You can change it while live or frozen
What could you do to make the color persist in LE veins or other low flow vessels?
Set the persistence on Med ot High. This will give you the opportunity to augment, ect. Then freeze and have the color remain in the vessel.
Can you think of an instance where variance could be useful?
Stenotic areas in fetal vessels, renal arteries, LE arteries, Carotid Arteries, Anywhere there is turbulent
What five parameters does the flow opt button change? why is it a time saver?
Gain, PRF, Wall Filter, Baseline, Scale
What is the difference between CPA or DCPA?
DCPA adds directional informationto the amplitude data. CPA only provides the amplitude data.
When would you use color Doppler and not CPA or DCPA?
When you need velocity info. only the color Doppler provides velocity averages.
