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anatomy of lower extremities > knee/leg anatomy > Flashcards

knee/leg anatomy Flashcards

exam 2

1
Q

tibialis anterior

A

origin: tibia and interosseous membrane
insertion: medial cuneiform
action: dorsiflexion of ankle, inversion
innervation: deep peroneal

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2
Q

peroneus longus

A

origin: fibula
insertion: medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
action: plantar flexion of ankle, eversion
innervation: superficial peroneal

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3
Q

peroneus brevis

A

origin: fibula
insertion: 5th metatarsal
action: plantar flexion of ankle, eversion
innervation: superficial peroneal

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4
Q

what innervates the lateral compartment

A

superficial peroneal

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5
Q

lateral compartment action

A

plantarflexion of ankle, eversion

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6
Q

what provides blood supply to lateral compartment

A

peroneal artery

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7
Q

what provides blood supply to anterior compartment

A

anterior tibial artery

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8
Q

soleus

A

origin: proximal tibia, proximal fibula
insertion: achilles tendon
action: plantar flexion of foot
innervation: tibial

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9
Q

gastrocnemius

A

origin: medial and lateral femoral condyle
insertion: achilles tendon
action: plantar flexion of foot
innervation: tibial

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10
Q

plantaris

A

origin: lateral femoral condyle
insertion: achilles tendon
action: plantar flexion of foot
innervation: tibial

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11
Q

what innervates the posterior compartments

A

tibial

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12
Q

superficial posterior compartment action

A

plantar flexion of foot

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13
Q

blood supply to posterior compartments

A

posterior tibial artery

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14
Q

tibialis posterior

A

origin: tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
insertion: 2,3,4 metatarsals, navicular, cuboid
action: plantar flexion of foot, inversion

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15
Q

lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

A
  • round, cord-like
  • stronger than MCL
    origin: lateral epicondyle of femur
    insertion: fibular head
    action: maintain stability
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16
Q

medial collateral ligament (MCL)

A
  • flat band, superficial and deep
    origin: medial epicondyle of femur
    insertion: medial tibia (below pes anserinus)
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17
Q

oblique popliteal ligament

A
  • expansion of semimembranosus
    origin: medial tibia
    insertion: capsule
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18
Q

arcuate popliteal ligament

A

origin: posterior fibular head
insertion: posterior capsule

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19
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

origin: medial aspect of LATERAL femoral condyle
insertion: intercondylar eminence (posterior to medial tibial plateau)
- anteromedial: tight in flexion
- posterolateral: tight in extension
- prevents tibia from sliding anteriorly on femur
- limits posterior rolling of femur on tibia during flexion
- limits medial rotation of knee

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20
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

origin: medial femoral condyle
insertion: lateral tibia (intercondylar eminence)
- stronger than ACL
- anterolateral: tight in flexion
- posteromedial: tight in extension
- prevents tibia from sliding posteriorly on femur

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21
Q

coronary ligaments

A

attach menisci to tibial plateau

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22
Q

meniscal horns

A

attach menisci to intercondylar eminence

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23
Q

lateral meniscus

A

circular, larger, not attached to LCL

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24
Q

medial menisus

A

C-shaped, attached to MCL

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25
passive stabilizers of knee
patellar ligament, MPFL, quadriceps tendon, lateral peripatellar retinaculum
26
interosseous membrane
connects tibia and fibula
27
popliteal artery
branches into posterior and anterior tibial arteries, supplies blood to foot, btwn gastroc heads
28
posterior tibial artery
branches into peroneal (lateral, main) and posterior tibial (medial)
29
saphenous nerve
medial leg and foot, cutaneous branch of femoral nerve
30
sural nerve
lateral leg and foot, sensation only
31
tibial nerve
posterior muscles of leg, terminates as medial and lateral plantar nerves
32
common peroneal nerve
branches into superficial and deep peroneal nerve
33
superficial peroneal nerve sensation
dorsal foot
34
superficial peroneal nerve motor
lateral leg
35
deep peroneal nerve sensation
dorsal webspace
36
deep peroneal nerve motor
anterior compartment
37
anterior compartment borders
tibia, IMS, IOS
38
anterior compartment muscles
tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus
39
extensor digitorum longus
origin: tibia, fibula, IOM insertion: middle and distal phalanges, lateral 4 digits action: extend lateral 4 toes, dorsiflexion of ankle innervation: deep peroneal
40
extensor hallicus longus
origin: fibula, IOM insertion: big toe action: extend big toe, dorsiflexion of ankle innervation: deep peroneal
41
lateral compartment boundaries
fibula, IMS
42
compartment syndrome
- fracture/trauma to area, fascia builds pressure in compartment which stops blood flow) - 6 Ps: pain/swelling, pulselessness, pallor, paralysis, paresthesia, ***pain with passive stretch - treat with emergent fasciotomy
43
superficial posterior compartment boundaries
IMS
44
deep posterior compartment boundaries
tibia, fibula, IOS, IMS
45
deep posterior compartment muscles
tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus
46
popliteus
origin: lateral femoral condyle/meniscus insertion: posterior tibia action: medial rotation of tibia to unlock knee during flexion innervation: tibial
47
flexor hallicus longus
origin: fibula, IOM insertion: big toe action: extend big toe innervation: tibial
48
what component of knee joint is weight bearing
tibiofemoral joint
49
peroneus tertius
origin: fibula insertion: 5th metatarsal action: dorsiflexion, eversion innervation: deep peroneal
50
flexor digitorum longus
origin: medial posterior tibia insertion: phalanges of lateral 4 toes action: flex lateral 4 toes innervation: tibial
51
popliteal fossa borders
-superior: biceps femoris (lateral), semimembranosus + semitendinosus (medial) -inferior: gastroc heads -roof: fascia, skin -floor: popliteal surface of femur, popliteus, posterior joint capsule
52
popliteal fossa contents
popliteal artery and vein, termination of small saphenous vein, tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, popliteal lymphatics
53
what happens at adductor hiatus
femoral artery becomes popliteal
54
achilles tendon
inserts to calcaneous tuberosity
55
medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL)
from medial epicondyle and MCL to patella - resists lateral migration of patella
56
what causes rollback
medial femoral condyle stays stationary because its larger and the medial tibial plataeu more concave, when flexing knee, popliteus contracts and pulls back —> external rotation
57
patellar tendon
connects quadriceps tendon/inferior pole of patella to tibial tuberosity
58
ACL tear
tibia forward moment, knee hyperextension moment, easier to tear
59
PCL tear
push back on femur, knee hyperextension moment
60
meniscus tear
reparable in outer edge because of genicular artery supply
61
knee dislocation
concerned about disrupting blood supply and nerve function -- check common peroneal nerve and popliteal artery
62
genicular arteries
blood supply to knee joint
63
patellar tendon tear
forced quad extension while knee flexed, repair with surgery
64
knee dislocation
prompt reduction to prevent neurovascular injury

anatomy of lower extremities (5 decks)

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