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MSK II - EXAM 3 KNEEEEEEE > Knee- Functional ROM thru Sprains > Flashcards

Knee- Functional ROM thru Sprains Flashcards

1
Q

How much flexion do you need for the knee during swing phase of walking?

A

60˚

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2
Q

How much hyperextension of the knee do we need for heel off during gait?

A

10˚ or max hyperext

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3
Q

What can it mean if the knee doesn’t reach full ext?

A

the ankle may become hypermobile

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4
Q

Why will the hip NOT compensate for ext at the knee with less than full hyperext?

A

hip will NOT compensate bc it needs to IR when knee ER at heel off

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5
Q

How much knee flexion do we need to descend stairs?

A

90˚ flexion

** may need up to 120˚ flexion

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6
Q

How much flexion of the knee is needed for sit-to-stand from a toilet or low chair?

A

105˚ flexion - otherwise inefficient

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7
Q

How much flexion of the knee is needed for cycling?

A

120˚

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8
Q

What is the flexion goal post TKA?

A

120˚

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9
Q

How much knee flexion do we need for kneeling and deep squatting?

A

FULL FLEXION

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10
Q

What does the femur do from 90-150˚ of flexion?

A

ER, posterior glide, <3˚ lateral glide

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11
Q

What is a sprain?

A

stretch/tear of a ligament that may lead to some degree of joint laxity and dysfunction

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12
Q

What is joint instability?

A

increased accessory motion and inadequate neuromuscular function

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13
Q

What are functionally instable joints able to do?

A

offset laxity through neuromuscular function

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14
Q

What are mechanically unstable joints unable to do?

A

offset laxity and likely requires SURGERY

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15
Q

What describes a grade 1 / 1st degree sprain?

A
  • mild S&S
  • activity may continue
  • fibers are stretched but NOT torn so minimal to no change during ligamentous special tests
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16
Q

What describes a grade 2 / 2nd degree sprain?

A
  • Moderate S&S
  • activity stops
  • fibers stretched and torn so increased laxity with softer/later end feels during ligamentous tests
17
Q

What describes a grade 3 / 3rd degree sprain?

A
  • Severe S&S
  • activity stops
  • fibers torn completely with possible avulsion
  • significant increase in laxity with empty end feel during ligamentous tests
18
Q

What do we know about ligaments and capsules?

A
  • type 1 collagen to resist tension
  • dense connective tissue
  • more plastic/less elastic than muscle
    for stability
  • low elastin for better joint stability
  • multiple planes of stability, usually limit 1 or more motions
  • fibrocytes
19
Q

What is the mid substance area of a ligament and capsule?

A
  • HYPOvascular
  • HYPOneural
20
Q

What do we know about the insertional ends of ligaments?

A
  • HYPERvascular- high metabolic activity for greater healing capacity
  • HYPERneural for proprioception or positional sense
21
Q

What is an extraarticular sprain?

A
  • blends with capsule
  • often heals without sx
22
Q

What should we know about a intraarticular sprain?

A
  • within joint space
  • often sx needed for repair due to dilution from synovial fluid
23
Q

What is an example of an intraarticular sprain?

A

ACL, PCL

24
Q

What are symptoms of a sprain?

A
  • traumatic onset
  • swelling
  • likely reduced function
25
Q

What are signs of a sprain in observation?

A
  • antalgic and asymmetrical gait
  • swollen joint
26
Q

What will we find in ROM with a sprain?

A

likely impaired and painful

27
Q

What will we find with resisted/MMT with a sprain?

A

possibly weak and painful

28
Q

What will we find with combined motions with a sprain?

A

likely inconsistent block

29
Q

What will we find with stress tests with sprains?

A
  • likely positive with distraction
30
Q

What will we find with special tests with sprains?

A
  • positive ligament stability tests
31
Q

What will we find with palpation with sprains?

A

TTP

32
Q

When does initial tensile strength happen?

A

at 3- 5 weeks

33
Q

When does dense connective tissue begin filling in?

A

~ 12 weeks but STILL HEALING

34
Q

How long until normal strength postoperatively?

A

10-12 months
- remodeling out to a year, tissue NOT as healed as function is

35
Q

What are some prescriptions after a sprain?

A

POLICED
- assistive device and/or external support
- protecting ligament in a shortened position for better long term stability

36
Q

What is MET primarily for after a sprain?

A

tissue proliferation and integrity and stabilization

MSK II - EXAM 3 KNEEEEEEE (6 decks)

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