Knee,Femur,Hip,Pelvis Flashcards
Evaluation?
5 things
-knee w/out rotation
-Femoral condyles symmetric
-Tibia intercondylar eminence centered
-Slight superimposition of fibular head if tibia is normal
-Patella superimposed on femur
-Open femoraltibial joint space
Lateral Knee
Mediolateral
(5)
-Knee flexed 20 to 30 degrees in true lateral
-Demonstrated by femoral condyles superimposed
-Fibular head/Tibia slightly superimposed
-Patella in lateral profile
-Open patellaofermal joint space
What projection is this?
Reason?
AP Weight Bearing method
Study often reveals narrowing of a joint space that appears normal on a non weight bearing study
Evaluation?
(4)
-Tibia/Fibula separated at proximal articulation
-Lateral condyles of the femur and tibia
-Both tibial plateaus
-Margin of the patella projecting slightly beyond the medial femoral condyle
Projection?
Position?
Evaulation?
-PA AXIAL Homblad
-Flex knee 70 degrees from full extension (20 degrees different from central ray)
-Open intercondylar fossa
-Apex of patella not superimpong the fossa
Projection?
Position of part?
Evaluation?
-Camp-conventry method
-Flex pts knee to a 40- or 50 deree angle the femoral portion of the knee on the IR and rest the foot on a suitable support
-See open intercondylar fossa
Projection?
Position of part?
Evaluation? (3)
-Beclere method
-Femur at an angle of 60 degrees to the long axis of the tibia
-The intercondylar fossa, intercondlayr eminence and knee joint
Projection?
Position of part?
Central ray?
Projection-PA Patella
Position-
Pt in prone position
-Center IR to the patella
Heel usually rotated 5 to 10 degrees laterally
Central ray
Perpendicular to the mipopliteal area exiting the patella and collimate closely to the patellar area
-No rotation
Projection?
Structures shown?
Knee flexed?
-Lateral projection (mediolateral)
-Lateral projection of the patella and open patellofemoral joint space
Knee flexed 5 to 10 degrees
Projection?
Postion of part?
Central ray?
Structures shown?
Evaluation?
-Hughston method
-Place the IR under the femoral portion of the knee and slowly flex the affected knee
- tibia and fibula form a 50-to -60 deree angle from table
-Angled 45 degrees cephalad/directed through the patellofemoral joint
-Subluxtion of the patella and fractures and allows radiologic assessment of the femoral condyles
-Patella floating, open patellofemoral joint, femoral condyles and intercondyalr sulcus
Projection?
Structures?
-Merchant method
-Bilateral tangential image shows an axial projection of the patella and patellofemoral joint
Projection?
Central ray?
Evaluation?
-Settegast method
Perpendicular to the joint space between the patella and the femoral condyles when joint is perpendicular
Angulation is 15 to 20 degrees
-Flex pt knee slowly
-Patella and patellofemoral joint
Projection?
Evaluation? (3)
-AP Femur
-Most of the femur and joint near pathologic condition site or injury (second projection of joint is recommended)
-Femoral neck NOT foreshortned on proximal femur
-Lesser trochanter not seen beyond the medial border of femur or only small portion on proximal femur
Projection?
Evalaution w/hip (3)
-Lateral femur (mediolateral) proximal
-Opposite thigh not over proximal femur and hip joint
-Geater trochanter superimposed over distal femur neck
-Lesser trochanter visible on medial aspect of proximal femur
Projection?
Evaluation? with knee (4)
-Lateral distal femur
-Superimposed anterior surface of the femoral condyles
-Patella in profile
-Open patellofemoral space
-Inferior surface of femoral condyles not superimposed beause of divergent rays
Projection?
Reason?
-Long bone measurement
-To evaluate for length discrepancy
Projection?
Structures?
-AP Pelvis and Proximal Femora
-Pelvis, head, neck, trochanters, and proximal 1/3 or 1/4 of shaft of the femora
EVALUATION?
-Both ilia and greater trochanters equidistant from edge of the radiograph
-Lower verterbral column centered
-No rotation of pelvis
-Symmetric ilia and obturator foramina
-Ischial spines equally see
-Sacrum and coccyx aligned with the pubic symphysis
-Proper rotation of proximal femora
-Femoral necks in full extent w/out superimposition
-Greater trochanter in profile
-Lesser trochanter if seen visible on medial border of the femora
Projection?
EVALUATION?
-AP Oblique (Cleaves method)
-Acetabulum, femoral head, femoral neck
-Lesser trochanter on medial side of femur
-Femoral neck w/out superimposition by the greater trochanter
-Excess abduction causes the greater trochanter to obstruct the neck
Projection?
Evalaution?
-Regions of the ilium and pubic bones adjoining pubic symphysis
-Hip joint
-Proximal 1/3 of femur
-Femoral head penetrated and seen through the acetabulum
-Entire long axis of femoral neck not foreshortened
-Greater trochanter in profile
-Lesser trochanter usually not projected beyond the medial border of te femur or only very small amount of the trochanter visible
