Knee,Femur,Hip,Pelvis Flashcards
Evaluation?
5 things
-knee w/out rotation
-Femoral condyles symmetric
-Tibia intercondylar eminence centered
-Slight superimposition of fibular head if tibia is normal
-Patella superimposed on femur
-Open femoraltibial joint space
Lateral Knee
Mediolateral
(5)
-Knee flexed 20 to 30 degrees in true lateral
-Demonstrated by femoral condyles superimposed
-Fibular head/Tibia slightly superimposed
-Patella in lateral profile
-Open patellaofermal joint space
What projection is this?
Reason?
AP Weight Bearing method
Study often reveals narrowing of a joint space that appears normal on a non weight bearing study
Evaluation?
(4)
-Tibia/Fibula separated at proximal articulation
-Lateral condyles of the femur and tibia
-Both tibial plateaus
-Margin of the patella projecting slightly beyond the medial femoral condyle
Projection?
Position?
Evaulation?
-PA AXIAL Homblad
-Flex knee 70 degrees from full extension (20 degrees different from central ray)
-Open intercondylar fossa
-Apex of patella not superimpong the fossa
Projection?
Position of part?
Evaluation?
-Camp-conventry method
-Flex pts knee to a 40- or 50 deree angle the femoral portion of the knee on the IR and rest the foot on a suitable support
-See open intercondylar fossa
Projection?
Position of part?
Evaluation? (3)
-Beclere method
-Femur at an angle of 60 degrees to the long axis of the tibia
-The intercondylar fossa, intercondlayr eminence and knee joint
Projection?
Position of part?
Central ray?
Projection-PA Patella
Position-
Pt in prone position
-Center IR to the patella
Heel usually rotated 5 to 10 degrees laterally
Central ray
Perpendicular to the mipopliteal area exiting the patella and collimate closely to the patellar area
-No rotation
Projection?
Structures shown?
Knee flexed?
-Lateral projection (mediolateral)
-Lateral projection of the patella and open patellofemoral joint space
Knee flexed 5 to 10 degrees
Projection?
Postion of part?
Central ray?
Structures shown?
Evaluation?
-Hughston method
-Place the IR under the femoral portion of the knee and slowly flex the affected knee
- tibia and fibula form a 50-to -60 deree angle from table
-Angled 45 degrees cephalad/directed through the patellofemoral joint
-Subluxtion of the patella and fractures and allows radiologic assessment of the femoral condyles
-Patella floating, open patellofemoral joint, femoral condyles and intercondyalr sulcus
Projection?
Structures?
-Merchant method
-Bilateral tangential image shows an axial projection of the patella and patellofemoral joint
Projection?
Central ray?
Evaluation?
-Settegast method
Perpendicular to the joint space between the patella and the femoral condyles when joint is perpendicular
Angulation is 15 to 20 degrees
-Flex pt knee slowly
-Patella and patellofemoral joint
Projection?
Evaluation? (3)
-AP Femur
-Most of the femur and joint near pathologic condition site or injury (second projection of joint is recommended)
-Femoral neck NOT foreshortned on proximal femur
-Lesser trochanter not seen beyond the medial border of femur or only small portion on proximal femur
Projection?
Evalaution w/hip (3)
-Lateral femur (mediolateral) proximal
-Opposite thigh not over proximal femur and hip joint
-Geater trochanter superimposed over distal femur neck
-Lesser trochanter visible on medial aspect of proximal femur
Projection?
Evaluation? with knee (4)
-Lateral distal femur
-Superimposed anterior surface of the femoral condyles
-Patella in profile
-Open patellofemoral space
-Inferior surface of femoral condyles not superimposed beause of divergent rays
Projection?
Reason?
-Long bone measurement
-To evaluate for length discrepancy
Projection?
Structures?
-AP Pelvis and Proximal Femora
-Pelvis, head, neck, trochanters, and proximal 1/3 or 1/4 of shaft of the femora
EVALUATION?
-Both ilia and greater trochanters equidistant from edge of the radiograph
-Lower verterbral column centered
-No rotation of pelvis
-Symmetric ilia and obturator foramina
-Ischial spines equally see
-Sacrum and coccyx aligned with the pubic symphysis
-Proper rotation of proximal femora
-Femoral necks in full extent w/out superimposition
-Greater trochanter in profile
-Lesser trochanter if seen visible on medial border of the femora
Projection?
EVALUATION?
-AP Oblique (Cleaves method)
-Acetabulum, femoral head, femoral neck
-Lesser trochanter on medial side of femur
-Femoral neck w/out superimposition by the greater trochanter
-Excess abduction causes the greater trochanter to obstruct the neck
Projection?
Evalaution?
-Regions of the ilium and pubic bones adjoining pubic symphysis
-Hip joint
-Proximal 1/3 of femur
-Femoral head penetrated and seen through the acetabulum
-Entire long axis of femoral neck not foreshortened
-Greater trochanter in profile
-Lesser trochanter usually not projected beyond the medial border of te femur or only very small amount of the trochanter visible
What is the lateral projection of Lauenstein and Hickey method used for? (mediolateral)
To show hip joint and the relationship of the femoral head to the acetabulum
What is the Judet method and modified judet method used for? (AP oblique projection) RPO and LPO position
It is described two 45 degree posterior oblique positions that are useful in diagnosing fractures of the acetabulum the internal oblique position
What is the taylor method used for? (AP Axial outlet projection)
Central Ray?
Anterior Pelvic bones
Central ray:
Men: Directed 20 to 35 degrees cephalad
Women: Directed 30 to 45 degrees cephalad
both entering the midline at a point 2” inferior to the superior border of the pubic symphysis
Superoinferior axial inlet
(Bridgeman method) ?
Central ray: Directed 40 degrees caudad, entering the midline at the level of ASIS
Anterior Pelvic Bones
