Knee Exam Flashcards
look
alignment (varus/valgus)
muscles
popliteal fossa
gait
skin changes
feel
temperature
tibial tuberosity
patellar tendon
joint line
collateral ligaments
bursa (pre-,supra- + infrapatellar & popliteal)
popliteal fossa
move
flexion (active + passive- crepitus)
extension (STRAIGHT LEG RAISE)
special test for extensor mechanism
STRAIGHT LEG RAISE
special test for meniscal injury
STEINMAN’S
special test for cruciate ligaments
PCL- posterior drawer test, ACL- Lachman’s
special test for small effusion
MEDIAL GUTTER SWEEP TEST
special test for large effusion
PATELLAR TAP
special test for collateral ligament injuries
VALGUS (medial)/VARUS (lateral) STRESS OFF BED
special test for locked knee (meniscal tear)
HEEL HEIGHT TEST
*special test for patellar instability
LATERAL PATELLAR APPREHENSION TEST
*special test for patellar OA
PATELLAR GRIND
how to perform STRAIGHT LEG RAISE
w/ patient lying flat, ask them to lift heel off bed with leg straight
how to perform MEDIAL GUTTER SWEEP TEST
sweep around patella medially then lateral, observe if fluid moves back medially
how to perform PATELLAR TAP
ballot patella whilst holding suprapatella
how to perform STEINMAN’S TEST
with knee flexed rotate foot away from affected side (medially or laterally)
how to perform POSTERIOR DRAWER + LACHMAN’S TESTS
w/ knee flexed + sitting on patient foot on bed, push posteriorly (PCL) and pull anteriorly (ACL) on tibia
how to perform COLLATERAL LIGAMENT TESTS
with leg hanging off bed above knee, apply varus (medial) or valgus (lateral) stress by pulling ankle medially or laterally
how to perform HEEL HEIGHT TEST
w/ patient lying on front with legs off bed above knees, check if heels are at same height
