Knee exam

Question 1

knee visual inspection anterior view

Answer 1

1. weight shift to decrease loading on LE or secondary to extension/ER ROM limitations potentially
2. genu varus/genu valgus

Question 2

knee visual inspection posterior view

Answer 2

1. visual inspection and posture assessment
2. swelling/abnormalities in popliteal space

Question 3

knee visual inspection lateral view

Answer 3

1. genu recurvatum
2. excessive flexion to decrease loading on LE or secondary to extension/ER ROM limitations or limitations with hamstring lengthening potentially

Question 4

Elimination tests at the knee

Answer 4

1. Meniscus lesion
   
   • joint-line tenderness

Question 5

clinical implications for joint-line tenderness

Answer 5

beware false positive results

Question 6

contractile unit length testing

Answer 6

1. Hip flexors
   
   • thomas test
   • Ely’s test (rectus femoris)
2. Hamstrings
   
   • 90-90 test
   • SLR (for flexibility)
3. TFL/IT band
   
   • Ober test

Question 7

Bone structures to palpate

Answer 7

1. M/L femoral epicondyles
2. M/L tibiofemoral joint lines
3. Patella
   
   • base, apex, M/L borders, M/L facets
4. Patellofemoral joint lines
5. Tibial tuberocity
6. Pes Anserinus
7. Gerdy’s Tubercle

Question 8

soft tissue palpation at the knee

Answer 8

1. popliteal fossa
2. semimembranosus insertion
3. semitendinosus insertion
4. popliteal pulse
5. biceps femoris
6. patellar tendon
7. quad muscle bellies
8. Hoffa’s fat pad
9. patellar retinaculum
10. MCL
11. LCL

Question 9

Joint mobility testing at the knee

Answer 9

1. Tibiofemoral
   
   • anterior
   • posterior
2. Patellofemoral
   
   • caudal
   • cranial
   • medial
   • lateral

Question 10

Confirmation tests at the knee for meniscus lesions

Answer 10

1. McMurray’s Test
2. Appley’s Test
3. Thessaly Test
4. Dynamic Test

Question 11

Confirmation test at the knee for ACL Lesion

Answer 11

1. Lachman’s Test
2. Anterior Drawer Test
3. Pivot Shift Test

Question 12

Confirmation test at the knee for PCL lesion

Answer 12

1. Posterior Drawer Test

Question 13

Confirmation test at the knee for Collateral Ligament Lesions

Answer 13

1. Varus and valgus instability test (0 and 30 degree)

Question 14

Confirmation test at the knee for Patellofemoral Dysfunction

Answer 14

1. Patellar apprehension test

Question 15

Confirmation test for PFPS

Answer 15

1. Clarke’s Sign