Knee and Ankle Flashcards
Genu Varum
Bow legged
Genu Recuvartum
Hyperextended
Anteversion
Internal rotation of hip
Retro version
External Rotation of hip
Q angle
Angle between quads and Pt
- greater than 20 egress is excessive
Chondromalacia patella
Softening and deteration of articulate cartilage
Patellar dislocation
Normally to lateral side
Forces acting on knee
Flexion Extension Internal rotation External rotation Valgus Varus
Meniscus
Shock absorber
Stabilizer
Maintain space
Meniscus tears
Can be oblique, longitudinal, transverse
-most common is knee flexed with rotary forced
Meniscus tear symptoms
48-72 hours of effusion
-joint line pain loss of motion
-pain
Locking or giving away
MCL
Medial collateral ligament
- prevents Valgus and vr force
- tight in full extension
ACL
Anterior crucial ligament
Stps excessive internal rotation
Stabilizes knee in full extension
Prevents hyper extension
Signs: pop, rapid swelling, instability, hemathrosis
Unhappy triad
Grade 3
Tear in MCL, ACL, Medial Meniscus
LCL
Lateral collateral ligament
Attaches head of tibia
Prevents Varus and ir of tibia
Nerve and blood vessels
1) tibial nerve (hamstrings and gastroc)
2) femoral nerve (quads & sartorious)
3) popliteal artery (splits into 5 branches)
ACL prevention
Plyometric trainig
Biomechanics like analysis
Technique training
PCL
Posterior Crucial Ligament
Prevents internal rotation
Guides in flexion
Center of rotation for knee
Strengthen quads for rehab
Patella
Largest sesame is bone in body
Found in quad tendon
Bones of knee
Fibula
Tibia
Patella
Femur
Knee
Hinge joint with a rotational complex
Complex joint
Forced on knee
1) tensil force (stretching)
2) compressive force (opposing)
3) shear force (perpendicular)
4) rotational force (angular)
Genu Valgrum
Knock knees
Arch Functions
1) supports body weight
2) absorb shock
3) provide space for bv, nerves, muscles
Why would an arch fall?
1) shoes
2) stepped on
3) muscle collaps
Matetarsal arch
Distal heads of the metatarsals
Transverse Arch
Tarsal Bones
Cuboid and cuneiforms
Medial Longitudinal Arch
Medial Border - calcaneus to 1st metatarsal
Main Supporting Ligament- plantar calcaneobavicular
Muscle- posterior tibialias
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Calcaneus, Cuboid and 5th Met
Kinetic Chain
Sequence of events that effect one another in the body. Each movement of a segment has an effect on proximal and distal segments
Normal Gait
Two phases
1) stance phase 60%
2) swing phase
Stance Phase
Begins at heel stike
Ends at toe off
Swing or recovery
Toe off to heel strike
Foot serves
1) shock absorber
2) rigid layer (propulsive force)
Distance runners
80% heel strike pattern
Sprinters
Forefoot strikers
True or false
If not causing Sx’s or symptoms - nothing should be done to correct the “problem”
True
If problems develop you can use
1) orthotics
2) arch tapings
3) modify activity
True of false you can increase ground reaction force when running up to 10 times BW
True
Foot Problems can be associated with
1) improper hygiene
2) improper footwear
3) Anatomical structure deviations
4) Abnormal Stress
True or false: Spotts place exceptional Stress on Feet
True
Preventing injury in lower ankle
1) Achilies Tendon Streching
2) strength training
3) Neuromuscular Control Training
4) preventive Tape and Orthoses
5) Footwear
