Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Onboarding > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

ACL All-inside Graftlink Technique provides what?

A

provides ultimate and anatomic minimally invasive an reproducable ACL reconstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ACL sprain: Grade 1

A
  • mild (ligament mildly damaged)

- stretched but stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ACL Sprain: Grade 2

A
  • Moderate (stretched ligament becomes loose)

- partial tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ACL Sprain: Grade 3

A
  • severe (complete tears of ligament)

- unstable knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ACL Helical Double Bundle
Origin:
Insertion:

A

origin- posterior medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle

insertion- anterior lateral aspect of medial tibial spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anterior medial and anterior lateral portal is used for ______.

A

working and viewing portals
EX) arthroscope - camera and light source
and an arthroscopic instrument

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Superior medial and superior lateral portal are used for ______..

A

fluid outflow (cannula)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Posterior medial and posterior lateral portal are used for ______.

A
  • gain access to back of knee

- used in PCL reconstruction and meniscal root repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In knee arthroscopy surgeons typically have 2 options for portal placement, _____.

A
  1. horizontal portal- allows camera movement medial and laterally
  2. vertical portal- allows for camera to move up and down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arteries

A

carry oxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Veins

A

carry deoxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PES Anserine

A
  • area where 3 tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, semi-tendenosus (Semi-T), all merge together and insert onto tibia
  • common location where any of these ligaments can be harvested for a graft
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Knee Flexors

A

(hamstring)

  • semitendonosus
  • semimembranosus
  • biceps femoris
    - origin of all 3: pelvis
    - inserts of all 3: distally on proximal tibia
  • there are many other knee flexors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Knee Extendors

A

(quadriceps) : quadriceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris and where is their origin and insertion?

A
  1. rectus femoris
  2. vastus mediallus
  3. vastus laterallis
  4. vastus intermedius

ALL originate @ the pelvis
ALL insert distally @ tibial tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LCL

origin-
insertion-
role-

A

-Lateral Collateral Ligament

origin- attaches to lateral epicondyle of femur

insert- onto anterior lateral aspect of fibula head

role- protect against varus forces to knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Superficial MCL

A
  • 2 attachment sites on tibia
  • proximal attachment is approx 1 cm below tibial joint line
  • distal segment attaches approx 6 cm below tibial joint
  • superficial MCL plays major role in protecting against Valgus forces`
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Deep MCL

A

-directly attaches to medial meniscus and is broken into 2 segments
1. meniscal femoral attachment
2 . meniscal tibial attachment

-tibial attachment of deep MCL: edge of tibial plateau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MCL

A
  • Medial Collateral Ligament
  • has 2 components (deep and superficial MCL)
  • tibial attachments differ, but BOTH attach to medial epicondyle of femur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PCL double bundle structure

Femoral Attachment:
Tibial Attachment:

A

-named for attachment on femur
- Anterior Lateral (AL)
- Posterior Medial (PM)
Femoral Attachment- attaches to medial femoral condyle
Tibial Attachment- locates on posterior facet of tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PCL

Role:

A

-Posterior Cruciate

role- prevent tibia from dislocation posteriorly to femur

22
Q

Double bundle structures of ACL (AM & PL) have ______, meaning :

A
  • reciprocal functions
  • meaning when 1 is tight, the other is loose
  • in any position of the knee, a portion of the ACL remains under constant tension, providing sufficient knee stability throughout ROM
23
Q

ACL
role
attachment

A

-Anterior Cruciate Ligament
-double bundle structure connects femur to tibia
-Anterior Medial (AM)
- Posterior Lateral (PL)
Role- stop tibia from dislocation anteriorly on femur
-attaches to the lateral femoral condyle

24
Q

Gerdy’s Tubercle (anterior surface)

A
  • on proximal end of tibia
  • anterior lateral tibia
  • attachment site of the IT band
25
Q

“Lighthouse of the knee”

A

Gerdy’s Tubercle

26
Q

what is Articular Cartilage?

A
  • specialized cells, provides protection, covers the ENDS of bones
  • anural and avascular
27
Q

Articular cartilage covering allows _______.

A

-allows bones to glide over one another with little friction

28
Q

Anural

A

-meaning without nerves

29
Q

Avascular

A

-meaning with out blood supply

30
Q

Cancellous bone

A

-spongy bone, soft/flexible

31
Q

where are blood cells made in bones?

A

cancellous bone

32
Q

Cortical Bone

A
  • hard, compact portion of bone

- gives strength to hollow bone

33
Q

Periosteum

A
  • entire portion of bone is covered in periosteum

- thin, tough layer covering entire bone, EXCEPT the articular surface and attachments of ligaments/tendons

34
Q

Structure of bone:

Diaphysis-

A

-long “shaft” of bone

35
Q

Structure of bone:

Metaphysis-

A

“wide” portion of bone between epiphysis and diaphysis

36
Q

Structure of bone:

Epiphysis-

A
  • rounded end of a long bone @ joint covered with articular cartilage
37
Q

Valgus

A

-outward angulation of distal segment of bone/joint (knock kneed)

38
Q

If a distal segment is lateral to a proximal segment then it is _______.

A

valgus

39
Q

Varus

A

-inward angulation of distal segment of a bone or joint ( bow legged)

40
Q

if a distal segment of a bone is medial to a proximal segment of bone then it is _______.

A

varus

41
Q

What is the normal ROM of the knee?

A
  • Flexion: 145-155 degrees

- Extension: minus 10 degrees

42
Q

When the knee hyperextends it is called _______?

A

-Recurvatum

(internal/external rotation is approximately 10-15 degrees)

43
Q

Ligament

A

attaches a BONE TO ANOTHER BONE

- made of fibrous connective tissue compromised of collagen fibers

44
Q

Tendon

A

-fibrous connective tissue attaches a MUSCLE TO A BONE

45
Q

Collagen Fibers

A
  • flexible/strong, arranged in parallel bundles
  • helps multiply strength of individual fibers
  • collagen bundles attached to outer coverings of bones (periosteum)
46
Q

The knee consists of :

A

2 articulations

   - femur and tibia
   - femur and patella

3 compartments

 - medial 
 - lateral 
 - patellofemoral
47
Q

What is the standard equipment needed for a knee arthroscopy?

A
  • arthroscope 30 (most common) or 70 degrees
    -hand instrument
    (biters, scissors, forceps)
  • motorized shavers and burs
    -probe
48
Q

Typical knee arthroscopy position

A

patient lying supine, w/ knee flexed at 90 degrees inside of a tourniquet

49
Q

another option for knee arthroscopy positioning

A

have leg hanging off edge of bed. while using a pivot post allows surgeon to place a valgus(internal rotation) force on knee and open tight medial compartment for better view of posterior medial structures

50
Q

what portal is the main working portal?

A

anterior medial portal

51
Q

what are the ACL double bundles called?

A
  • double bundle structure connects femur to tibia
    • Anterior Medial (AM)
    • Posterior Lateral (PL)

General Onboarding (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions