Knee Flashcards
Valgus/varus stress test
Varus - pos = laxity or pain
- supine, lift extended leg, hand on medial knee apply lateral force and other hand on lateral ankle and apply medial force
- MCL disruption
Valgus - pos = laxity or pain
- supine, lift extended leg, apply medial force on knee and apply lateral force on ankle
- LCL disruption
Anterior drawer test
Post = excess translation of knee
Patient supine with knee flexed to 90. Examiner sits on patients foot and grasps proximal tibia with both hands and pulls anteriory
ACL insufficiency
Lachman’s test
Pos = increased laxity
Patient supine, examiner places superior hand on distal thigh, superior to patella. Flex knee to 15-30 degrees, the examiner uses his inferior hand to pull the tibia anteriorly
ACL insufficiency
Posterior drawer test
Pos = excessive translation
Patient supine, knee flexed to 90 degrees, examiner sits on foot, hands on both sides of the tibia thumbs on the proximal tibia, push posteriorly
PCL insuficiency
Reverse lachmans test
Pos = laxity
Patient supine, superior hand on distal thigh but superior to the patella, inferior hand on proximal tibia.
Inferior hand applies posterior pressure; superior hand applies pressure in opposite direction
PCL insufficiency
McMurray’s test
Patient is supine with hip and knee flexed. Examiner uses superior hand on distal femur and inferior hand on ankle
Abduct their hip with superior hand and internally rotate tibia with inferior hand
For other part of test go in the opposite directions
Medial or lateral meniscus tear
Apleys Grind test - compression
Patient prone, knee flexed to 90 degrees. Push foot into table and rotate
Possible meniscal injury or collateral ligament injury or both
Apley’s Grind test - distraction
Patient prone and knee flexed to 90, full foot upward
Meniscal injury, collateral ligament injury, or both
Patellar laxity and apprehension tests
Laxity = one hand above and one hand below joint, thumbs on medial patella and push patella laterally
Apprehension test = when testing laxity ask if anything causes pain or discomfort
Patellar dislocation or instability
Patellar compression test
Patient supine with knee extended. Compress the patella with one hand and move it medially and laterally
Pain with compression
Possible inflammation, chondromalacia, or injury to the patellofemoral articular surfaces
Patella femoral grinding
Compress patella posteriorly into trochlear groove and instruct patient to tighten quad against resistance
Looking for crepitus or pain
Roughness of articulating surfaces
Patellar glide test
Patient sitting or supine will slowly extend and flex knee. Look at quality of motion. Can compress the patella and palpate for crepitus
Damage to articular surface
