Knee Flashcards
Bony Palpation
1) Patella
2) Medial tibial plateau
3) Tibial tubercle
4) Medial femoral condyle
5) Lateral tibial plateau
6) Lateral femoral condyle
7) Fibula head
Soft Tissue Palpation
1) Quads (VL,VM,VI,RF)
2) Infrapatellar tendon
3) Bursae (Prepatellar, Superficial Infrapatellar)
4) Medial meniscus
5) Lateral meniscus
6) Pes anserine area (S,G,ST)
7) Popliteal fossa
8) Lateral collateral Lig
9) Medial Collateral Lig
10) Gastroc
Range of Motion
Flexion 135
Extension 0
Internal Rot
External Rot
McMurray Sign
Positive: Clicking sound or pain by the knee jt
Indicates: 1) Tear of medial meniscus if positive on ext rot
2) Tear of lateral meniscus if positive on internal rot
The higher the leg is raised when the positive is elicited, the more post the meniscal injury
Medial Collateral Ligament Test
Positive: Gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below jt line
Indicates: Torn medial collateral lig
Lateral Collateral Ligament Test
Positive: Gapping and/or elicited pain above/at/or below jt line
Indicates: Torn lateral collateral lig
Bounce Home Test
Postive: Knee does not go into full extension (sigh flexion remains)
Indicates: Diffuse swelling of the knee, accumulation of fluid, due to possible torn meniscus
Drawer Test
Postive: 1) Gapping > 6mm (tibia moves post) when the leg is pushed
2) Gapping > 6mm (tibia move ant.) when the leg is pulled
Indicates: 1) Torn post cruciate lig
2) Torn ant cruciate lig
Lachman Test
Postive: Gappin w/ the tibia moving away from femur
Indicates: Ant. cruciate lig or post oblique lit instability
Apprehension test for the Patella
Postive: Apprehension, distress of facial expression, contraction of quadriceps to bring patella back in line.
Indicates: Chronic patella dislocation or pre-dispostition to dislocation
Patella Femoral Grinding Test (Clarke sign)
Postive: Retropatellar pain and the patient is unable to hold the quadriceps contraction
Indicates: Degenerative changes of the patellar facets and/or within the trochlear groove (chondromalacia patella)
Patella Ballottment Test
Postive: A floating sensation of the patella
Indicates: A large amount of swelling in the knee
Apley Compression Test
Postive: Patient points to side of pain
Indicates: Pain on medial side is medial meniscus tear. Pain on the lateral side indicates lateral meniscus tear.
Apley Distraction Test
Postive: Patient will point to side of pain
Indicates: 1) Pain on the medial side indicates MCL tear.
2) Pain on the lateral side indicates LCL tear.
