Knee Flashcards
What is Patellofemoral pain syndrome?
Non-specific anterior knee pain resulting from dysfunction in the mechanical forces between the patella and femur.
What structures can generate pain in Patellofemoral pain syndrome?
Peripatellar synovitis, mechanical or chemical irritation of the articular cartilage, lateral retinaculum.
Who is commonly affected by Patellofemoral pain syndrome?
Common in women in menopause and young female athletes.
What are key examination findings for Patellofemoral pain syndrome?
Pain on palpation on patella femoral joint line, possible swelling, reduced VMO activation, palpable crepitus, restriction in patellofemoral joint ROM, superior sitting patella.
What is the management for Patellofemoral pain syndrome?
Education and reassurance, activity modification/load management, relative rest, manual therapy, exercise program, referral to GP for NSAIDs.
What causes Knee Meniscal tears?
Acute tears occur when shear stress within the knee while in flexion and compression is combined with rotation.
What are the symptoms of Knee Meniscal tears?
Localized pain, locking, clicking, catching, decreased ROM, instability.
What are the key examination findings for Knee Meniscal tears?
Antalgic gait, joint line tenderness, obvious swelling, reproduction of familiar pain, decreased ROM, audible clicking.
What imaging is used for diagnosing Knee Meniscal tears?
Knee MRI is the gold standard for evaluation.
What is the management for Knee Meniscal tears?
Education and reassurance, load management, manual therapy, bracing, exercise rehab.
What is Knee osteoarthritis?
Common cause of knee pain in elderly patients, involving degeneration of knee joint.
What are the clinical features of Knee osteoarthritis?
Gradual onset of joint pain, stiffness, swelling, warmth, redness, and crepitus.
What are the key examination findings for Knee osteoarthritis?
Decreased ROM, bony deformity, crepitus.
What is an Anterior cruciate ligament tear (ACL)?
Common in elite soccer athletes, often due to lateral blows or excessive twisting.
What are the symptoms of an ACL tear?
Acute pain, swelling, instability, decreased ROM, pop noise at the time of injury.
What are the key examination findings for an ACL tear?
Antalgic gait, swelling, decreased ROM, audible clicking, positive Lachmann’s and Anterior drawer tests.
What is the management for an ACL tear?
Consider surgical reconstruction, pre-operative rehab, post-operative rehab, and referral to an orthopedic surgeon.
What is Medial Tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)?
Pain on the medial aspect of the lower leg, often referred to as shin splints.
What are the characteristics of MTSS?
Pain along the posteromedial border of the tibia, diffuse pain, activity-related pain.
What are the key examination findings for MTSS?
Localized swelling, pain exacerbated by weight-bearing activity, pain on palpation along the tibial crest.
What is the management for MTSS?
Education and reassurance, load management, manual therapy, exercise rehab, taping/bracing, shockwave therapy.
