Knee

Question 1

What are examples of impairments leading to genu valgus?

Answer 1

1. medial ligament laxity
2. lateral compartment DJD

Question 2

Name 3 pathologic precursors to genu valgus.

Answer 2

Trauma, progressive laxity of MCL, dysfunctional subtalar joint, glut med weakness

Question 3

Where does genu valgus most commonly occur?

Answer 3

midstance (weight bearing)

Question 4

Insufficient hip and knee flexion (impairments/precursors/compensation)

Answer 4

spasticity, knee extensor contracture (UMNL), stiff hip (surgery/immobilization); hip hike, circumduction

Question 5

What are the two classifications of knee pain?

Answer 5

Knee pain with mobility deficits, knee pain with stability and movement coordination impairments

Question 6

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 6

double condyloid

Question 7

How many degrees of freedom does the knee have?

Answer 7

2 degrees of freedom (F/E and IR/ER), no frontal plane motion (AB/ADduction)

Question 8

Where does genu valgus cause pain?

Answer 8

hip/ankle (compensation), knee medial (stretch), lateral (compression)

Question 9

Which phase of gait is insufficient knee extension associated with?

Answer 9

terminal swing

Question 10

What can cause insufficient knee extension?

Answer 10

lack of ROM, swelling, tight hamstrings, UMNL

Question 11

What impairment could cause a backward trunk lean?

Answer 11

Insufficient hip flexion

Question 12

What fracture occurs most often with patellar dislocatoin?

Answer 12

osteochondral

Question 13

Can adults have SALTER-Harris Fxs?

Answer 13

No, they don’t have growth plates!

Question 14

Most common type of SALTER-Harris Fx

Answer 14

Type 2 (Above)

Question 15

Least common SALTER-Harris Fx?

Answer 15

Type 5 (impacts growth plate = stunts growth, takes longer to detect)

Question 16

How long should you immobilize a tibial tubercle fx?

Answer 16

4-6 wks

Question 17

what direction is patellar dislocation most common?

Answer 17

lateral

Question 18

T/F Males are more likely to experience patellar dislocation.

Answer 18

F

Question 19

T/F Patellar dislocations always need to be reduced by a healthcare provider.

Answer 19

F (they can frequently spontaneously reduce)

Question 20

when does the patella move laterally?

Answer 20

when we internally rotate and abduct

Question 21

Normal Q angle measurements for females and males.

Answer 21

Males (10-14, above 22 = abnormal)
Females (15-17, above 25 = abnormal

Question 22

Following a PCL reconstruction, what should we avoid strengthening early?

Answer 22

Hamstrings (displace tibia posteriorly on femur)

Question 23

Insufficient knee extension impairments.

Answer 23

Knee flexion contracture >10 deg, hamstring spasticity, joint effusion/pain

Question 24

Pathologic precursors to insufficient knee extension.

Answer 24

UMNL, Trauma, OA

Question 25

compensations for insufficient knee extension

Answer 25

increased hip flexion, increased ankle DF
Note: flexion offers the lowest intraarticular pressure

Question 26

Impairments leading to poor shock absorption

Answer 26

quad weakness, hip weakness, poor motor control

Question 27

Pathologic precursors to poor shock absorption.

Answer 27

Nerve palsy, OA

Question 28

Compensations for poor shock absorption

Answer 28

loud ground contact and reduced shock absorption.

Question 29

T/F genu varus is often accompanied by genu recurvatum

Answer 29

true

Question 30

what are the two most common types of meniscal tears

Answer 30

longitudinal, radial

Question 31

most common location of meniscal tears

Answer 31

posterior horn

Question 32

presentations of meniscal tear

Answer 32

joint line tenderness, locking, effusion

Question 33

T/F more effusion = better healing for meniscal tear

Answer 33

true