Knee Flashcards
2 heads = 2 origins
What is the origin and insertion of Bicep Femoris?
O: ishial tuberosity (LH)
& Linea aspera (SH)
I: lateral condyle of tibia
What is the action of rectus femoris at the knee?
Extension
Primary knee extensor
What type of joint is the knee?
Modified hinge - tibiofemoral joint & plane - patellofemoral
What are the intracapsular ligaments?
ACL & PCL
What are the extracapsular ligaments?
Patella ligament, medial & colateral ligaments
What movement does ACL restrict?
Anterior translation of the tibia in relation to femur, prevents excess tibial rotation and knee varus/gus stresses
What movement does PCL restrict?
Posterior translation of the tibia in relation to femur
What is the origin and insertion of the patella ligament?
O: Extension of quadratus femoris tendon
I: Tibial tuberosity
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of rectus femoris?
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: Tibial tuberosity as patella ligament
N: Femoral nerve
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of vastus lateralis?
O: intertrochantic line, greater trochanter, linea aspera of femur
I: Tibial tuberosity (via patella ligament), Patella
N: Femoral nerve
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the Vastus Medialis?
O: intertrochantic line
I: Tibial tuberosity, patella
N: femoral nerve
What muscles flex the knee?
Hamstrings (bicep femoris, semi membranous, semi tendinosus)
Gastrocnemius, popliteus
What are the normal physiological movements at the knee and what are the typical ROM?
Flexion 135
Extension 0
Internal rotation 10
External rotation 30/40
What is the origin, insertion and innervation sartorius?
O: ASIS
I: (travels inferomedially across anterior aspect of thigh) below medial condyle of proximal tibia (via pes anserinus tendon)
N: femoral nerve
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of Semi Membranosus?
O: Ishial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia (posterior aspect)
N: Sciatic nerve
What is the origin, insertion and innervation of Semi Tendinosus?
Most superficial
O: Ishial tuberosity
I: Below medial condyle of tibia (via pes anserinus tendon)
N: Sciatic nerve
What muscles contribute to internal rotation at the knee?
Semi membranosus, semi tendinosus, sartorius
plus Popliteus when knee is flexed
What muscles contribute to external rotation of the knee?
Bicep femoris, tensor fasciae latae
What is the action of Popliteus?
Initiates flexion of fully extended (locked) knee and internally rotates tibia when knee is flexed
What is the origin and insertion of ACL?
O: Anteromedial aspect of intercondylar region of tibia (where it merges with medial meniscus)
I: runs posterolaterally and attaches to posteromedial aspect of lateral condyle of femur (notch)
What is the origin and insertion of PCL?
O: Posterior aspect of tibial plateau
I: extends anteriorly to lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle (notch)
What are the functions of MCL?
Primary - valgus stability
Secondary - rotational stability
Tertiary - posterior translation of tibia, and hyper extension of the knee
What are the origin and insertion of the MCL?
Superficial:
O: Medial epicondyle of femur
I: Posteromedial surface of Tibia (also blends with Smem tendon)
Deep:
O: Distal to medial epicondyle
I: Medial meniscus and medial tibial plateau
Which is the most common ligament to get injured?
MCL
What are the origin and insertions of LCL?
O: Lateral epicondyle of the femur
I: Head of fibular
What is the function of PCL?
Primary - resist varus stress and external rotation
Secondary - prevent translation of tibia in relation to femur
What movements are available at the Patellofemoral joint?
Superior and inferior glide
Medial and lateral glide
Medial and lateral rotation
What are the articulating surface of the Tibiofemoral joint?
- Lateral and medial condyles of the femur
- Tibial plateau
&meniscii that sit on top of the plateu
What are the articulating surfaces of the Patellofemoral joint?
- Trochlea groove of femur
- Posterior surface of Patella
What are the origins, insertion and innervation of Gastrocnemius?
O: Medial and lateral condyles of posterior surface of femur
I: Posterior calcaneus (via calcaneus tendon)
N: Tibial nerve
What is the primary function of bursae and give 3 examples?
Reduce friction
1. Suprapatella
2. Prepatella
3. Infrapatella
What is the function of the patella ligament?
Stability of patella
Can influence patella tracking
