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Anatomy: Lower Quadrant > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

2 heads = 2 origins

What is the origin and insertion of Bicep Femoris?

A

O: ishial tuberosity (LH)
& Linea aspera (SH)
I: lateral condyle of tibia

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2
Q

What is the action of rectus femoris at the knee?

A

Extension

Primary knee extensor

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3
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Modified hinge - tibiofemoral joint & plane - patellofemoral

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4
Q

What are the intracapsular ligaments?

A

ACL & PCL

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5
Q

What are the extracapsular ligaments?

A

Patella ligament, medial & colateral ligaments

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6
Q

What movement does ACL restrict?

A

Anterior translation of the tibia in relation to femur, prevents excess tibial rotation and knee varus/gus stresses

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7
Q

What movement does PCL restrict?

A

Posterior translation of the tibia in relation to femur

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8
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the patella ligament?

A

O: Extension of quadratus femoris tendon
I: Tibial tuberosity

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9
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of rectus femoris?

A

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: Tibial tuberosity as patella ligament
N: Femoral nerve

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10
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of vastus lateralis?

A

O: intertrochantic line, greater trochanter, linea aspera of femur
I: Tibial tuberosity (via patella ligament), Patella
N: Femoral nerve

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11
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the Vastus Medialis?

A

O: intertrochantic line
I: Tibial tuberosity, patella
N: femoral nerve

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12
Q

What muscles flex the knee?

A

Hamstrings (bicep femoris, semi membranous, semi tendinosus)
Gastrocnemius, popliteus

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13
Q

What are the normal physiological movements at the knee and what are the typical ROM?

A

Flexion 135
Extension 0
Internal rotation 10
External rotation 30/40

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation sartorius?

A

O: ASIS
I: (travels inferomedially across anterior aspect of thigh) below medial condyle of proximal tibia (via pes anserinus tendon)
N: femoral nerve

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of Semi Membranosus?

A

O: Ishial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia (posterior aspect)
N: Sciatic nerve

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of Semi Tendinosus?

Most superficial

A

O: Ishial tuberosity
I: Below medial condyle of tibia (via pes anserinus tendon)
N: Sciatic nerve

17
Q

What muscles contribute to internal rotation at the knee?

A

Semi membranosus, semi tendinosus, sartorius

plus Popliteus when knee is flexed

18
Q

What muscles contribute to external rotation of the knee?

A

Bicep femoris, tensor fasciae latae

19
Q

What is the action of Popliteus?

A

Initiates flexion of fully extended (locked) knee and internally rotates tibia when knee is flexed

20
Q

What is the origin and insertion of ACL?

A

O: Anteromedial aspect of intercondylar region of tibia (where it merges with medial meniscus)
I: runs posterolaterally and attaches to posteromedial aspect of lateral condyle of femur (notch)

21
Q

What is the origin and insertion of PCL?

A

O: Posterior aspect of tibial plateau
I: extends anteriorly to lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle (notch)

22
Q

What are the functions of MCL?

A

Primary - valgus stability
Secondary - rotational stability
Tertiary - posterior translation of tibia, and hyper extension of the knee

23
Q

What are the origin and insertion of the MCL?

A

Superficial:
O: Medial epicondyle of femur
I: Posteromedial surface of Tibia (also blends with Smem tendon)

Deep:
O: Distal to medial epicondyle
I: Medial meniscus and medial tibial plateau

24
Q

Which is the most common ligament to get injured?

A

MCL

25
Q

What are the origin and insertions of LCL?

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of the femur
I: Head of fibular

26
Q

What is the function of PCL?

A

Primary - resist varus stress and external rotation
Secondary - prevent translation of tibia in relation to femur

27
Q

What movements are available at the Patellofemoral joint?

A

Superior and inferior glide
Medial and lateral glide
Medial and lateral rotation

28
Q

What are the articulating surface of the Tibiofemoral joint?

A
  1. Lateral and medial condyles of the femur
  2. Tibial plateau

&meniscii that sit on top of the plateu

29
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the Patellofemoral joint?

A
  1. Trochlea groove of femur
  2. Posterior surface of Patella
30
Q

What are the origins, insertion and innervation of Gastrocnemius?

A

O: Medial and lateral condyles of posterior surface of femur
I: Posterior calcaneus (via calcaneus tendon)
N: Tibial nerve

31
Q

What is the primary function of bursae and give 3 examples?

A

Reduce friction
1. Suprapatella
2. Prepatella
3. Infrapatella

32
Q

What is the function of the patella ligament?

A

Stability of patella
Can influence patella tracking

Anatomy: Lower Quadrant (3 decks)

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