Knecht Rhetorical Devices Flashcards
Absolute
Term applied to totally independent of influences, limitations, etc.. Ex: all, always, never
Allegory
Story, represents moral qualities
Alliteration
Repetition of identical Sounds
Allusion
Makes a brief reference to something else
Ambiguity
A situation with more than one possible interpretation
Analogy
Comparison between 2 things
Anaphora
Repetition using words or phrases
Anecdote
Short entertaining story
Anticlimax
Sudden drop
Aphorism
A short statement which expresses a general truth or moral principle
Argumentation
Investigates all sides, persuasion through reason
Attitude
Similar to tone
Balanced sentences
Parallel clauses
Cause and effect
Examines cause and effect
Chiasmus
A pattern in which the second is balanced with the first but the first is reversed. Ex: sin is a pleasure, and sometimes pleasure is a sin
Chronological order
In order in which they occur
Classification as a means of ordering
Arrangement according to class
Colloquial expression
Words used in writing but not in everyday language
Cumulative sentence
Sentence begins with subject and predicate, adds modifiers
Damning with faint praise
Intentional use of a positive statement to have a negative impact
Deduction
Form of reason that begins with a generalization
Denouement
Untying of complications of plot, play, story
Detail
Describing or relating an object or scene with complete particulars
Devices
Figures of speech
Dialect
Form of language spoken by the people in that region
Diction
Writers word choice
Digression
A temporary departure from subject
Ellipsis
Omission of words necessary for complete construction but left understood in context.
Epiphany
A sudden insight of the true nature of something
Epistrophe
Anaphora, but repetition is at the end
Euphemism
A phrase that’s less direct.”he passed away” for “he is dead”
Fallacy
An error in reasoning
Fallacy: Begging the question
Assumes truth without support
Fallacy: Circular Reasoning
Evidence is a restatement of the claim
Fallacy: Either/or
Claims there are only two alternatives when actually there are more
Fallacy: False Analogy
Assumes that two subjects are similar in some respect just because they are similar in some other respect.
Fallacy: Overgeneralization
Statement that is too broad or inclusive
Fallacy: Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
The assumption that an event is caused by another even simply because of the order of the events in time
False dilemma
Fallacy, when too few of available arguments are considered, some are not
Figurative language/ Figures of Speech
Intentional departure from the normal order or meaning of words
Genre
A division or type of literature
Hyperbole
An exaggeration of fact
Imagery
Authors use of words to creat a picture. 5 senses
Induction
Form of reasoning. Works from a Body of fact to formation of a generalization
Inference/infer
To draw a conclusion
Inverted Syntax
Reversing the normal word order of a sentence. Yoda!!
Irony
Style that indicates an intention opposite of what is actually said. Humorous or sarcastic
Irony: Verbal
What is said, is opposite of what is meant
Irony: Situation
Situation where there is a incongruity between the actual situation and what would seem appropriate
Irony: Dramatic
A discrepancy between what a character says and what the reader knows to be true
Juxtaposition
Where Ideas, words, colors, shapes, etc. are places next to each other creating an effect if surprise and wit
Language
Manner of expression used to communicate feeling, tone, attitude
Loose Sentences (cumulative)
Subject, predicate, modifiers, adds modifiers
Metonymy
Replaces one thing with another similar to it
Mood
Atmosphere or emotional aura of a work
Motif
Serves as a basis for expanded narrative, or an interest
Metaphor
Thing Compared to another thing as though it were a thing.
Narrative Techniques
The manner in which the author tells the story
Nonfiction
Prose writing that explains ideas or tells about real things, events
Non Sequitur
Similar to fallacy, a statement that does not follow logically to anything previously said
Order of importance
A Method of organizing according to significance of the subtopics
Chronological
Order in which events take place
Spatial
The physical description of persons and places
In medias res
Author stats in the middle and uses techniques of flashback and foreshadow
Oxymoron
Contradictory terms or ideas are combined
Parallel syntactic structures
Using the same part of speech of syntactic structure. Ex: over the hill and through the woods to grandmothers house we go
Parallelism
The repetition of a grammatical structure
Paradox
A statement that seems contradictory but actually may be true
Pathos
The quality in a work that evokes sorry or pity
Pedantry
A display of narrow minded and trivial scholarship or arbitrary adherence to rules and forms
Periodic Sentence Structure
Long sentence where the completion of the syntax and sense is delayed until the end
Personification
A figure of speech in which an inanimate object is given human attributes
Persuasive Devices
Words in the passage that have strong connotations, words that intensify the emotional effect
Persona
The voice an author uses to tell a story
Persuasion
Taking a single position for the purpose of getting others to accept that position
Phrasing
Single part of speech, may help present rhythm, may help shoe parallelism
Point of View
The angle of vision from which a story is told
Omniscient
The author tells story using 3rd person
First person
Told by one of the story’s characters
Third person
Shows an unrestricted knowledge of the story’s events from outside or above them
Limited omniscient
Tells story in third person but tells only what the one character thinks, feels, sees, etc
Multiple point of view
Shown the positions from two or more characters
Prose
Genre, refers to fiction and nonfiction, closely resembles every day speech
Purpose
Goal or aim of the literary work
Resources of language (75)
Refers to all the devices of composition available. The cumulative effect
Rhetoric
Art of using words effectively to persuade
Rhetorical question
Asked for rhetorical effect to emphasize a point, no answer being expected
Rhetorical structure
How the passage is constructed, to serve its purpose
Satire
A writing the ridicules or criticizes individuals, ideas, institutions, or any work of literature
Sentence structure (80)
The way the sentence is put together
AP Exam
Analyze sentence structure, types of sentences used, effects
Stream or Consciousness
Narrative that presents the private thoughts of a character without commentary or interpretation by the author
Structure
The planned framework of the novel
Style
The habitual manner of expression of an author
Stylistic devices (85)
Note and analyze all of the elements in language that contribute to style
Syllepsis
A grammatical correct construction in which one word is placed in the same grammatical relationship to two words but in quite different senses
Syllogism
Form of reasoning in which two statements or premises are made a logical conclusion is drawn from them, deductive reasoning
Symbol
Something that stands for another thing, used to represent an abstraction
Synesthesia
A blending or confusion of different kinds of sense-impression, In which one type of sensation is referred to in terms more appropriate to another
Syncope (90)
Cutting short of words through omission of a letter or syllable. Ex) ev’ry for every
Synecdoche
Figure of speech in which part is substituted for the whole
Syntax
The arrangement of words or elements in a sentence to show their relationship
Tone
Authors attitude toward his subject and audience expressed through characters’ action and speech
Understatement
Deliberately representing something as much less than it really is
