KK2

Question 1

glutamate

Answer 1

glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter throughout the brain and the CNs it enhances information transmission by intimating activity in postsynaptic neurons, making them more likely to fire .

Question 2

synaptic plasticity

Answer 2

synaptic plasticity is usually dependent in the effect of glutamate as it can change the effectiveness of a particular synapse by increasing or decreasing the amount of neurotransmitters released across the synapse or by increasing or decreasing the amount of neurotransmitter represent (this could lead to LTP or LTD -two forms of synaptic plasticity

Question 3

in memory formation/synaptic plasticity

Answer 3

glutamate plays a crucial role in the structural changes that occur, particularly in the growth and strengthing of synaptic connections within the memory circuit.

types of glutamate have been found within the hippocampus a structure involved in long term memory

Question 4

adrenaline

Answer 4

adrenaline is released by the adrenal glands to activate the ‘fight-flight-freeze response to the stressor

the sympathetic response also serves a long term function by regulating memory storage for the emotionally arousing event which then plays an adaptive role in future responses to future situations.

Question 5

encoding

Answer 5

Encoding refers to the initial experience of perceiving and learning information. Psychologists often study recall by having participants study a list of pictures or words. … So, an important first principle of encoding is that it is selective: we attend to some events in our environment and we ignore others.

Question 6

consolidation

Answer 6

consolidation is the biological process of making a newly formed memory stable and enduring after learning

Question 7

where can chronic changes occur in the brain

Answer 7

stress can cause acute and chronic changes in certain areas of the brain such as

• the hippocampus
• prefrontal cortex
• amygalda