kjgk Flashcards
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MacPhail
argues that language is essential for the development of the self, and that a self-concept is essential for consciousness
Sapir- Whorf hypothesis
combines linguistic relativism and linguistic determinism and says that different languages dissect the world in different ways, and these differences have consequences, so speakers of different languages perceive and categorize the world in different ways
carpentered world hypothesis
sensitivity to illusion is caused by exposure to the straight lines, right angles, and corners that dominate the industrial environment
language of thought hypothesis
thoughts and thinking take place in a mental language, inner speech, called mentaese
representational theory of mind
language manipulate concepts regarding states of affairs, and thinking transforms one mental state into another, representation word stays for a symbol
incubation
problem solving has 2 routes, conscious and unconscious - you are doing something completely else and then the solution comes to you later (uncoscious thinking)
lexical bias
Imagine you have a word that can mean different things. Lexical bias is when your brain tends to pick the most common meaning of that word, even if there are other possible meanings. It’s like your brain automatically goes for the usual interpretation.
For example, if you hear the word "bat," your brain might quickly think of the flying mammal rather than a sports equipment, because bats (the animals) are more commonly talked about.
phonemic similarity
similar sounds get confused more often
left inferior frontal gyrus (Brocas area)
is activated when we speak aloud, but also activated during inner speech
auditory verbal hallucination
we hear that speech arises internally but source of it, is attributed to be external - failure of source monitoring
conventional materialism
everything is physical, even thoughts, feelings and mental experiences
Gazzaniga investigated patients whose two cortical hemispheres were disconnected through an operation (split-brain patients). He found that:
They are able to use objects presented to their left visual field even though they cannot verbalize them.
Which statement best characterizes predictive processing theory?
Prior beliefs shape our perception of the world, and are updated based on prediction error signaling.
predictions are made about incoming sensory information. Higher levels make more abstract and global predictions, while lower levels make more detailed and specific predictions.
Prediction error occurs when there is a mismatch between the predicted and actual sensory input. This discrepancy is crucial for learning and updating the internal models used for prediction. The brain continuously adjusts its predictions based on prediction errors.
What is John Searle’s (the originator of the ‘Chinese Room’) opinion on whether artificial consciousness is possible?
No, it is not possible, because only human brains can cause conscious minds.
