Kirst-Ashman Chaper 3

Question 1

A group should be viewed as an entity moving through its immediate environment in pursuit of its goals. A major strength of the Siri is that it stresses the importance of examining the relationship of the group to its environment.

Answer 1

Field theory

Question 2

Field theory: 1valances
2 cohesion
3 role

Answer 2

1 Forces that push one toward or pull one away from involvement and participation
2. The collective some of forces affecting individuals that encourages them to remain group members
3 Expected behavior patterns based on individual status or position within the group

Question 3

1 taking control of group functioning in making decisions with little or no input from other group members
2 maximizing member input and participation
3 assuming a laid-back nondirectional approach where the group is left function or struggle on its own

Answer 3

Authoritarian leadership
2 democratic leadership
3 laissez-faire leadership

Question 4

1 collective rules and expectations held by group members concerning what is appropriate behavior within the group
2 The ability to move people on a chosen course to produce an effect or achieve some goal
3
The extent to which group members concur about group goals and other aspects of group interaction

Answer 4

Field theory: 1 norms
2. Power
3 consensus

Question 5

1 Stresses the importance of the individual within the group context. This theory at its most basic level is interpersonal interaction, which involves both rewards and costs. It use the group as the place were social exchange takes place
2 The pleasures, for film it, enjoyment, and other positive emotions a person experiences when involved in a relationship
3 negative experiences, the expenditure of time and energy required to maintain a relationship, or the loss of rewards because of making ineffective choices
4 Interpersonal interaction which involves both rewards and costs

Answer 5

1Social exchange theory
2 reward
3 cost
4Social exchange

Question 6

Is a theoretical orientation that conceptualizes the social environment in terms of behavior, it’s proceeding events, and it subsequent consequences. It positive behavior can be learned, and therefore, that maladaptive behavior can be unlearned. Provides a framework for understanding how behavior develops

Answer 6

Learning Theory

Question 7

1 A procedure consequence that increases the frequency of the behavior immediately preceding it
2The positive event or consequences that follow a behavior and active strengthen or increase the likelihood of the behavior will occur again
3 The removal of a negative event or consequence that serves to increase the frequency of a particular behavior
4The presentation of the never said event or a removal of a positive reinforcer that results in the decrease in frequency or illumination of a particular behavior

Answer 7

1 reinforcement
2 positive reinforcement
3 negative reinforcement
4Punishment

Question 8

Combines the components of learning theory and cognitive theory. Involves the practical application of learning theory principles to changing behavior. Emphasizes peoples ability to make rational decisions and alter their behavior
1 The learning of behavior by observing another individual engaging in that behavior
2 The act of thinking

Answer 8

Cognitive behavioral theory
1 modeling
2 Cognition

Question 9

1The active practicing a new behavior, interaction, or manner of communication in a group setting to prepare for subsequent real life situations
2 praise, approval, support, and attention
3 The process of identifying in evaluating ones cognitions, understanding the negative behavioral impact of certain thoughts, and learning to replace these cognitions with more realistic and adaptive thoughts

Answer 9

Cognitive behavioral theory:
1 behavioral rehearsal
2 social positive reinforcement
3Cognitive restructuring

Question 10

Emphasizes the impact of early life experiences on current feelings and behavior. It is primarily used in treatment instead of macro contacts but has been applied to individual and group situations
1 The primitive force hidden in the unconscious arena of the brain that represents basic primitive drive such as hunger, sex, and self preservation
2 The rational component of the mind that evaluates consequences and determines courses of action in a logical manner
3 The conscience, which decides what actions and behaviors are right and wrong
4 any unconscious attempt to adjust the conditions such as anxiety, frustration, or guild that are painful to experience
5 And understanding of one’s motivations, emotions, behaviors, and issues, a primary goal of the group process

Answer 10

Psychoanalytic theory
1Id
2Ego
3 Super ego
4 defense mechanism
5 Insight

Question 11

Social work practice with groups is guided by a view of groups as social systems, innocence all small group theories may be thought of as systems oriented in as much as they portray the small group as an organic entity with boundaries, purposes, and mechanisms for attaining change while maintaining stability

Answer 11

Systems theory

Question 12

Group functioning in system theory:
1 are the happenings in actions conducted in a group
2 are the reciprocal behaviors and communications engaged in by group members
3 are the emotional feelings and reactions manifested by group members
4 are the expectations help my group members regarding how they should behave in the group

Answer 12

1 activities
2 interactions
3 sentiments
4 norms

Question 13

1 A set of related elements that are orderly, into related, and functional hole
2 repeated patterns characterizing a group system
3 subordinate secondary systems within the group system
4 but instead for a system to maintain a relatively stable constant state of balance
5A culturally expected behavior pattern for a person having a specified status or being involved in a designated social relationship

Answer 13

Systems theory:
1 System
2 boundaries
3 subsystem
4 homeostasis
5 Role

Question 14

1 The dynamic interpersonal connection between group members
2 The means whereby group members fit and work together
3 The means by which the group adheres to its basic processes and procedures
4Achievement of a groups ultimate tasks and goals
5The groups capacity to adjust to surrounding environmental conditions through an ongoing process of change

Answer 14

Systems theory:
1 relationship
2 integration
3 pattern maintenance
4 goal attainment
5 adaptation

Question 15

groups using this approach can strive to change oppressive cognitive, behavioral, social, and political structures were conditions that thwart the control people have over their lives, that prevent them from Accessing needed resources, and that keep them from participating in the life of their community
1The process of increasing personal, interpersonal, or political power so that individuals can take action to improve their life situations

Answer 15

Empowerment theory

1 Empowerment

Question 16

1 The idea that in a perfect world, all citizens would have identical rights to, protection, opportunities, obligations, and social benefits
2 The process of enhancing peoples awareness of themselves, or others, or of issues in the social environment
3The act of providing support, feedback, and information within a group context
4 The ability to move people on a chosen course to produce an effect or achieve some goal
5 The process by which a group or society conveys it’s knowledge, values, believes and expectations to its members
6 The extent to which group members feel that they belong in a group and desire to continue being members

Answer 16

Empowerment theory 
1 social justice
2 conscious raising
3 Mutual aid
4 Power
5 socialization
6 Group cohesion

Question 17

Involves the liberation of women and girls from discrimination based on gender. The goal of this theory and practice is women’s self-determination
1 each individuals right to make his or her own decisions
2 viewing the world with women and their issues becoming the focus of attention
3 The perspective that women’s diverse histories, conditions, developmental patterns, and strengths are shaped and subjugated under conditions of oppression but can be reshaped through collective work to achieve justice in relationships
4The process where women come together concerning a common cause and promote human liberation

Answer 17

Feminist theories
1 self-determination
2 using a gender filter
3 assuming a pro woman perspective
4Empowerment

Question 18

1 The development of personal awareness and understanding of the cultural, personal, economic, and political conditions that mold women’s reality
2, The view that individual and collective pain and problems of living always have a cultural and or political dimension
3 The perspective that how things get done is just as important as what gets done
4The view that aspects of diversity should be appreciated as strengths and used to establish unity
5 The process of excepting a person and a person’s actions that’s justifiable and relevant

Answer 18

Feminist theories:
1 consciousness raising
2 The personal as political
3 The importance of process
4 Unity and diversity: diversity is strength
5Validation

Question 19

Is a collection of people that applies the principles of group dynamics to solve problems, develop innovative ideas, formulate plans, and achieve goals within the context of an organization or a community

Answer 19

Task or work group

Question 20

1 The exchange of information
2 any means by which information is conveyed other than through spoken or written words
3 The sharing of personal feelings and information
4 The result of verbal and nonverbal communication, expressed emotions and attitudes, and behavior between or among persons
5 unwritten, collective rules and expectations help by group members concerning what is appropriate behavior within the group
6 expected behavior patterns based on individual’s position or status within the group
7The extent to which group members feel close to each other or connected as group members

Answer 20

Task group dynamics:
1 Communication
2 nonverbal communication
3Self disclosure
4 interpersonal interaction
5 norms
6 roles
7 Group cohesiveness

Question 21

1The potential ability to move people to Chosun course to produce an effect or achieve some goal
2 that attained because of one’s position infested authority
3 that granted because of the ability to provide positive reinforcement or rewards to others
4 that based on the capability of dispensing punishments or negative reinforcement in order to influence other members behavior
5 that held as a result of other group members respect and highest team
6 that based on established authority or expertise in a particular domain
7The relative rank a sign to members within the group

Answer 21

Task group dynamics:
1 Power
2 legitimate power
3 reward power
4 coercive power
5 referent power
6 expert power
7 status

Question 22

1The potential ability to move people on it she was encouraged to produce an effort or achieve some goal
2 The active exerting influence on other group members to direct their behavior, activities, attitudes, or interaction
3 leadership approaches that involve greater structure and control imposed by the leader
4 leadership approaches that allow group members to have greater control over what happens in the group
5Leadership approaches that focus more on adherence to procedures and accomplishments of goals
6Leadership approaches that stress the importance of interaction, communication, cooperation, and group member satisfaction

Answer 22

Leadership in task groups:
1 Power
2 leadership
3 leader directed leadership
4 Group directive leadership
5Task related leadership
6Relationship related leadership

Question 23

1 The personal condition of having a positive self-concept and the belief in one’s ability to get things accomplished
2 A persons overall positive or negative feelings about him or herself
3 A personal condition involving modesty and lack of arrogance
4 cognitive ability to think critically, do you solve problems, and to make decisions
5 The desire to get the job done and includes characteristics such as initiative, persistence, dominance, and drive
6A personal characteristic that inspires confidence and believe by others and ones honesty and dependability

Answer 23

Leadership in task groups:1 self-confidence
2 self-concept
3 humility
4 intelligence
5 determination
6 trustworthiness

Question 24

1 solid adherence tomorrow and ethical principles
2 The tendency to search out others and form congenial social relationships
3 The ability to do such things as understand one’s feelings have empathy for others, and regulate one’s emotions to enhance one’s quality of life
4 The ability to perceive one sound emotions and how they affect one’s behavior
5The ability to control troublesome emotions both in oneself and in others

Answer 24

Leadership in task groups:1 integrity
2 sociability
3 emotional intelligence
4 self awareness
5 self management

Question 25

1 The ability to understand others
2 The ability to work well with others, which is dependent on the other EI components
3 The ability to adjust to different situations and change
4 stating what another person says but using different words than those used by that person
5 making certain that what a group member says is understood which is often done by asking a question about a statement

Answer 25

Leadership in task groups:
1 social awareness
2 relationship management
3 flexibility
4 rephrasing
5Clarification

Question 26

Stages of task group development?
1 task group composition
a.
b.
c.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer 26

a. Definition of the groups purpose
b. The groups context
c. Group size
2. Beginning‘s
3. Assessment
4. Stabilization and working
5. Endings and evaluation