Kingom Animalia Flashcards
a group of multicellular Eukarya
Kingom Animalia
Animal evolution began in the ocean over ____ years ago, with tiny creatures that probably do not resemble any living organism today.
600 million
The animal classification system characterizes animals based on their ___, ____, _____, ____, and _____.
anatomy, morphology, evolutionary history, features of embryological develop-ment, and genetic makeup.
All animals require a source of food and are therefore _____, ingesting other living or dead organisms
heterotrophic
As heterotrophs, animals may be ____,____,_____, or _____
carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, or parasites
The animal kingdom is divided into _____ (sponges) and _____ (all other animals).
Parazoa; Eumetazoa
As very simple animals, the organisms in group _____ do not contain true specialized tissues; although they do possess specialized cells that perform different functions, those cells are not organized into tissues.
Parazoa
Animals with true tissues are in the group ______ or (“true animals”).
Eumetazoa
The most common forms of asexual reproduction for stationary aquatic animals include ____ and _____, where part of a parent individual can separate and grow into a new individual
budding, fermentation
a form of asexual reproduction found in certain insects and vertebrates is called ______ (or “virgin beginning”), where unfertilized eggs can develop into new male offspring.
parthenogenesis; haplodiploidy
Animals are primarily classified according to _____ and _____, such as a body plan
morphological; developmental characteristics
One of the most prominent features of the body plan of true animals is that they are __________.This means that their distribution of body parts is balanced along an axis.
morphologicalally symmetrical
True animals can be largely divided into three groups based on the type of symmetry of their body plan:
a. Radially symmetrical
b. Bilaterally symmetrical
c. Asymmetrical
The two halves of a radially symmetrical animal may be described as the side with a mouth or ___ and the side without a mouth the ____
oral side; aboral side
involves the division of the animal through a sagittal plane, resulting in two mirror image, right and left halves
Bilateral symmetry
The evolution of bilateral symmetry that allowed for the formation of anterior and posterior (head and tail) ends promoted a phenomenon called ____ , which refers to the collection of an organized ner-vous system at the animal’s anterior end.
cephalization
Further subdivision of animals with three germ layers (triploblasts) results in the separation of animals that may develop an internal body cavity derived from mesoderm, called a ___
coelom
This epithelial cell-lined coelomic cavity represents a space, usually filled with fluid, which lies between the visceral organs and the body wall. It houses many organs such as the digestive system, kidneys, reproductive organs, and heart, and contains the circulatory system
coelom
In some animals, such as mammals, the part of the coelom called the ____ provides space for the lungs to expand during breathing
pleural cavity
Triploblasts that do not develop a coelom are called ____, and their mesoderm region is completely filled with tissue, although they do still have a gut cavity.
acoelomates
Animals with a true coelom are called ____
eucoelomates
A third group of triploblasts has a slightly different coelom derived partly from mesoderm and partly from endoderm, which is found between the two layers. Although still functional, these are considered false coeloms, and those animals are called _____
pseudocoelomates
Bilaterally symmetrical, tribloblastic eucoelomates can be further divided into two groups based on differences in their early embryonic development:
a. Protostomes
b. Deuterostromes
The word protostome comes from the Greek word meaning ____ and deuterostome originates from the word meaning ____ (in this case, the anus develops first).
mouth-first; mouth second
