Kingdom Protista Flashcards
What does the Kingdom Prototosta comprise?
It comprises of eukaryote organisms and their immediate descendants.
What are the various forms of organisation of organisms within this kingdom?
- Unicellular, coenocytic (having a multinucleate cell)
- Colonial (all the cells are similar with similar generalized functions.
- Multiplication.
Give examples of protists
Protozoans,slimemoulds,blue algae,green algae.
Give characteristics of organisms found within this Kingdom.
- Unicellular
- Organelles surrounded by cytoplasm.
- Outer and inner parts of cytoplasm called ectoplasm and endoplasmic respectively.
- Cytoplasm surrounded by plasma membrane.
- No cell wall.
Give 4 specific characteristics of this Kingdom.
- Are microscopic (0.01mm-0.5mm)
- Most are naked but have endoskeleton or exoskeleton.
- All forms of body symmetry present within animal-like protists.
- No organs or tissues present but possess highly specialized cell organelles.
What is endocytosis?
A process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell to form a vacuole.
What are the types of endocytosis?
- Phagocytosis: cell eating
- Pinocytosis: cell drinking
- Receptor mediated endocytosis: cell surface receptors.
What are the forms of movement?
- Amoeboid motion
- Ciliary action
- Flagellar locomotion.
What is symbiosis?
It refers to persistent biological interactions in which one organism lives in or on another of a different species.
What are the forms of symbiosis?
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
Give the types of nutrition.
Most are heterotrophic, few are to some degree autotrophic.
Forms of reproduction.
Most protists reproduce sexually and asexually.
Some groups lack sexual reproduction.
What is a collection of tubules called?
Axoneme
Sexual reproduction.
- In some species,gametes are the only haploid cells.
- In some others both diploid and haploid cells undergo mitosis to form new individuals,giving rise to alternation of generations.
Asexual reproduction
- Binary fission ( simple splitting into 2 daughter cells)
- Schizogony (splitting into more than two daughter cells)
- Budding (outgrowth of a new cell from the surface of the old one)
Distribution of animal-like protists
Over 64,000 species discovered and named, about half are fossils. Ecologically diverse and widely dispersed. Mostly found in marine,f freshwater or soil water habitats. Ecto and endoparasites.
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Sarcodina is the largest subphylum animal-like protists (11500 living species and 33000 fossil species), making the Phylum Sarcomastigophora the largest.
Sub-phylum Sarcodina
- Free-living naked amoebae found on substrates in shallow freshwater.
- Other members have shells or test.
Give examples of naked organisms found in subphylum sarcodina
Amoeba proteus, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba histolyca
Give examples of shelled organisms from subphylum sarcodina.
Arcella and Difflugia which are common freshwater species.
Which amoebae are considered harmless parasites in humans.
Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba hartmanni.
Which amoeba species is considered a harmful parasite?
Entamoeba histolytica.
What are undulipodia?
It is an intracellular projection of a eukaryotic cell containing a microtubule array.
Which animal-like phyla possess only parasitic organisms?
Phylum Apicomplexa
Phylum Microspora
Phylum Aceptospora
Phylum Myxozoa
Which animal-like phyla possess both free-living and parasitic organisms?
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Phylum Ciliophora
Phylum Labyrinthomorpha
