Kingdom Protista

Question 1

What does the Kingdom Prototosta comprise?

Answer 1

It comprises of eukaryote organisms and their immediate descendants.

Question 2

What are the various forms of organisation of organisms within this kingdom?

Answer 2

1. Unicellular, coenocytic (having a multinucleate cell)
2. Colonial (all the cells are similar with similar generalized functions.
3. Multiplication.

Question 3

Give examples of protists

Answer 3

Protozoans,slimemoulds,blue algae,green algae.

Question 4

Give characteristics of organisms found within this Kingdom.

Answer 4

1. Unicellular
2. Organelles surrounded by cytoplasm.
3. Outer and inner parts of cytoplasm called ectoplasm and endoplasmic respectively.
4. Cytoplasm surrounded by plasma membrane.
5. No cell wall.

Question 5

Give 4 specific characteristics of this Kingdom.

Answer 5

1. Are microscopic (0.01mm-0.5mm)
2. Most are naked but have endoskeleton or exoskeleton.
3. All forms of body symmetry present within animal-like protists.
4. No organs or tissues present but possess highly specialized cell organelles.

Question 6

What is endocytosis?

Answer 6

A process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell to form a vacuole.

Question 7

What are the types of endocytosis?

Answer 7

1. Phagocytosis: cell eating
2. Pinocytosis: cell drinking
3. Receptor mediated endocytosis: cell surface receptors.

Question 8

What are the forms of movement?

Answer 8

1. Amoeboid motion
2. Ciliary action
3. Flagellar locomotion.

Question 9

What is symbiosis?

Answer 9

It refers to persistent biological interactions in which one organism lives in or on another of a different species.

Question 10

What are the forms of symbiosis?

Answer 10

1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism

Question 11

Give the types of nutrition.

Answer 11

Most are heterotrophic, few are to some degree autotrophic.

Question 12

Forms of reproduction.

Answer 12

Most protists reproduce sexually and asexually.

Some groups lack sexual reproduction.

Question 13

What is a collection of tubules called?

Answer 13

Axoneme

Question 14

Sexual reproduction.

Answer 14

1. In some species,gametes are the only haploid cells.
2. In some others both diploid and haploid cells undergo mitosis to form new individuals,giving rise to alternation of generations.

Question 15

Asexual reproduction

Answer 15

1. Binary fission ( simple splitting into 2 daughter cells)
2. Schizogony (splitting into more than two daughter cells)
3. Budding (outgrowth of a new cell from the surface of the old one)

Question 16

Distribution of animal-like protists

Answer 16

Over 64,000 species discovered and named, about half are fossils. Ecologically diverse and widely dispersed. Mostly found in marine,f freshwater or soil water habitats. Ecto and endoparasites.

Question 17

Phylum Sarcomastigophora

Answer 17

Sarcodina is the largest subphylum animal-like protists (11500 living species and 33000 fossil species), making the Phylum Sarcomastigophora the largest.

Question 18

Sub-phylum Sarcodina

Answer 18

1. Free-living naked amoebae found on substrates in shallow freshwater.
2. Other members have shells or test.

Question 19

Give examples of naked organisms found in subphylum sarcodina

Answer 19

Amoeba proteus, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba histolyca

Question 20

Give examples of shelled organisms from subphylum sarcodina.

Answer 20

Arcella and Difflugia which are common freshwater species.

Question 21

Which amoebae are considered harmless parasites in humans.

Answer 21

Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba hartmanni.

Question 22

Which amoeba species is considered a harmful parasite?

Answer 22

Entamoeba histolytica.

Question 23

What are undulipodia?

Answer 23

It is an intracellular projection of a eukaryotic cell containing a microtubule array.

Question 24

Which animal-like phyla possess only parasitic organisms?

Answer 24

Phylum Apicomplexa
Phylum Microspora
Phylum Aceptospora
Phylum Myxozoa

Question 25

Which animal-like phyla possess both free-living and parasitic organisms?

Answer 25

Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Phylum Ciliophora
Phylum Labyrinthomorpha