Kingdom Plantae

Question 0

Non-vascular

Answer 0

No specialize tissues, therefore uses osmosis/diffusion

Question 1

Vascular

Answer 1

Specialized cells (tissue) that transport water and nutrients. Advanced (has both xylem and phloem)

Question 2

Xylem

Answer 2

Responsible for transporting water up to the leaves from the roots. (Big open cells)

Question 3

Phloem

Answer 3

Takes sugars produces in leaves to the roots (surround xylem)

Question 4

(Pro)Thallus

Answer 4

Underside of plant

Question 5

What are the simplest plants called? What are they referred to as?

Answer 5

Called algae, referred to as seaweed or scum. Contains chlorophyll.

Question 6

Name the different pigments of algae

Answer 6

Green: Chlorophyll (most common)
Brown: Xenophyll (minority)
Orange/yellow: Cartenoids (minority)

Question 7

Green, brown, red algae

Answer 7

Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta

Question 8

Spirogyra

Answer 8

Alga subphylum, contains no roots, stems, or leaves, or flowers
Formed from groups of single cells attached together to form a single thread like filament

Question 9

Fragmentation

Answer 9

Cells breaking and dividing, thus creating new plants (asexual)

Question 10

Conjugation method

Answer 10

Occurs when 2 spirogyra filaments line up parallel to each other to exchange NUCLEAR material from one cell to another.

Question 11

Zygospore

Answer 11

Once conjugation method is in act, one material has passed into the other cell, new cell is the zygospore. Later, new spirogyra formed by cell division

Question 12

Ecological significance of spirogyra?

Answer 12

• primary producers
• involved in carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles
• 25 000 species
• temperature 0-70 degrees
• economic importance: algin, carrageenan (emulsifier, which stops separation of fat, etc), agar, fertilizer

Question 13

Examples of brophytes?

Answer 13

Mosses/liverworts

Question 14

Brophytes are…?

Answer 14

Non vascular. Don’t possess xylem or phloem

Question 15

Which phylum do ferns belong to?

Answer 15

Tracheophyte. They are vascular

Question 16

Sori (pl. sorus)

Answer 16

Spores on underside of fern

Question 17

Pinnae

Answer 17

Leaflets of fern.

Question 18

Moss: Seta. Where is it? What does it do?

Answer 18

Stalks rise from fertilized eggs.

Question 19

Moss: green

Answer 19

• autotrophic
• independent
• dominant

Question 20

Define archegonium

Answer 20

Female parts, on dip of heart (fern gametophyte generation)

Question 21

Antheridia

Answer 21

Male part, bottom of heart (fern gametophyte generation)

Question 22

Fern: stages of sexual reproduction

Answer 22

Rhizome -> sori -> sporangia

Question 23

Fern: stages of sexual reproduction

Answer 23

Spore -> germination (young gametophyte) -> thallus/gametophyte or prothallus -> sporophyte grows from gametophyte -> fern

Question 24

Moss: adaptations to land

Answer 24

• close crowding
• small size (decrease surface area for less water loss)
• waxy cuticle (protection against water loss)
• adaptation to new niches
• rhizoids (increase water uptake)

Question 25

Ferns: adaptation to land

Answer 25

• conducting tissue
• waxy cuticle
• stomata (specializes openings on the underside of pinnae that allows CO2/O2)
• rhizomes, rhizoids

Question 26

Fern Rhizoids

Answer 26

Not vascular, just there to absorb water