Kingdom Monera

Question 1

Which kingdom includes Most ancient org ?
Or
First inhibitors of earth belong to which kingdom?

Answer 1

Kingdom monera

Because It contains bacteria which are the most primitive organism and were the first inhibitors of the earth

Question 2

Explain bacterial morphology

Answer 2

Unicellular Filamentous or Colonial
70s ribosomes
Nucleus not well defined
Nucleotide or incipient nucleus made up of DNA RNA and non histone proteins
Membrane-bound cell organelles are absent
Respiratory enzymes are found to be associated with the Plasma membrane
Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan

Question 3

2 org that That are exception wrto cell wall in monera

Answer 3

Archaebacteria-glycoprotein

Pplo mycoplasma-no cell wall

Question 4

Respiration in bacteria types

Answer 4

Respiration is of two types Aerobic and Anaerobic

Question 5

Anaerobic bacteria

Answer 5

Two types 
#Obligate Anaerobes-Respire anaerobically only. Growth is slower and lack enzyme for aerobic respiration. 
*Example-Clostridium botulinum
#Facultative and Anerobes–Respire aerobically. They are capable of switching to anaerobic mode of respiration 
*Example-pseudomonas

Question 6

Aerobic bacteria

Answer 6

2 types :-
#Obligate aerobes -Respire aerobically only.In absence of O2 they cannot respire therefore die
*ex- bacillus subtilis
#facultative aerobes-Respire anaerobically. In presence of O2 it aerobically respires. Most of the photosynthetic bacteria or facultative aerobes.
*ex-cholorobium

Question 7

Most of the photosynthetic bacteria are

Answer 7

Facultative aerobes

Question 8

Types of Nutrition in bacteria

Answer 8

Two types:- 
Autotrophic nutrition and heterotropic nutrition  
#Autotrophic nutrition is a further two types-photosynthetic auto trophs and chemosynthetic autotrophic
#Heterotrophs is of three types-symbiont, parasitic ,saprophytic

Question 9

Autotroph and heterotroph types.

Answer 9

#Phototrophs;-Photolithoautotrophic bacteria and chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
#Heterotrophs;-Photo organohetrotophic bacteria and chemoorgano heterotrophic bacteria

Question 10

What are photolithoautotrophic bacteria?

Answer 10

These bacterial species use solar energy to synthesis food due To presence of some pigments
Here water is not The source of electron that acts as the reducing power to convert CO2 into glucose.Bacteria. Octanes reducing power from compounds like hydrogen sulphide or Thio sulphate or organic matter

Question 11

Pigment present in photolithoautotrophic bacteria are

Answer 11

bacteriochlorophyll, bacteriopurpin, bacteriovirdin

Question 12

Photosynthesis in bacteria called

Answer 12

Anoxygenic because not O2 envolves due to absence of H2O

Question 13

Photosynthesis in green plants (higher plants)

Answer 13

Oxygenic because O2 evolves

Question 14

In photolithoautotrophic bacteria obtain reducing power from?
Or
What are e- donor in photolithoautotrophic bacteria?

Answer 14

Hydrogen sulphide or thiosulphate or organic matter

Question 15

Examples of photolithoautotrophic bacteria are
Or
Photolithoautotrophic neutrino can be seen in

Answer 15

Purple sulphur bacteria &. Green sulphur bacteria

Contains bacteriopurpin Pigment Bacteriovirdin or chlorobium
Use inorganic sulphur compounds as e- Chlorophyll
&H+ donor Uses H2S as e- & H+ donor
Ex- chromatium,thiospirillium Ex-chlorobium

Another ex is spirulina-Cyanobacteria

Question 16

What are Photooragnoheterotrophic bacteria ?

Answer 16

Bacteria that uses organic matter as their electron donor and carbon source

Question 17

Examples of photooragnoheterotrophic bacteria are

Answer 17

Purple non sulphur bacteria Green non sulphur bacteria

Bacteriopurpin pigment Bacteriovirdin pigment
Uses Non-sulphur aliphatic organic Uses non-sulphur aliphatic
compounds as the e– and H+ donor. organic matter as e-&H+ donor
Ex-Rhodospirillum,rhodopseudomonas Ex-chloronema,chloroflexus
Rhodobacter

Question 18

Most of the photosynthetic bacteria are

Answer 18

Anaerobes- facultative aerobes

Question 19

What is chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria

Answer 19

These Bacteria obtain energy from the synthesis of food by oxidising certain inorganic substances like ammonia,nitrates,nitrites,ferrous ions etc.Light is not used as energy source,this energy is later used in carbon assimilation with the help of hydrogen atom from source other than water like hydrogen bacteria and nitrifying bacteria,sulphur bacteria etc

Question 20

Ex of 
Hydrogen bacteria 
nitrifying bacteria 
sulphur bacteria 
iron bacteria

Answer 20

Hydrogenomonas
NitroMonas,Nitrococcus,nitrobacter,nitrocystis
Thiobacillus,thioxidan,beggitoa
Ferrobacillus,leptothrix

Question 21

What is Chemoorganohetrotrophic bacteria ?

Answer 21

This type of bqcteria is incapable of synthesising its own food from simple raw material they obtain nourishment and food from dead and decaying organic matter or directly from a living host .

Question 22

Types of chemoorganohetrotrophic bacteria

Answer 22

Saprophytic bacteria
Symbionts bacteria
Parasitic bacteria

Question 23

Ex of parasitic bacteria

Answer 23

Obtain food from living organism called hosts

Question 24

Disease causing bacteria is called

Answer 24

Pathogenic bacteria

Non pathogenic doesn’t cause any disease

Question 25

Symbiont bacteria example

Answer 25

Rhizobium leguminosarum present in roots of leguminous plants Fixing N2 as ammonia

Question 26

Name three nitrogen fixing bacteria that are free-living

Answer 26

Azotobacter Benjerinckia Klebsiella They are aerobic and free living

Question 27

Name a nitrogen fixing bacteria that is anaerobic.

Answer 27

Clostridium pasteruianum

Question 28

What are the saprophytic bacteria

Answer 28

These are the free-living bacteria which obtain nourishment and food from organic remains for example animal excreta,dead animal,fallen leaves,fruit,decaying vegetable etc.the bacteria secrets digestive enzymes to convert insoluble compounds into soluble compound like ammonia,hydrogen sulphide,water etc

Question 29

True sexual reproduction is absent | T/f

Answer 29

True

Question 30

A sexual spores produced by bacteria are

Answer 30

Sporangia spores,oidia,conidiophores,endospores

Question 31

Most common method of asexual reproduction in bacteria

Answer 31

Binary fission

Question 32

What type of cell division is seen in binary fission is

Answer 32

Amitotic type

Question 33

How many steps are involved in bacterial binary fission

Answer 33

1. replication of DNA 2. mesosones Division and membrane formation 3. cross wall formation

Question 34

Mode of replication of chromosomes in bacterial binary fission is called Who suggested this ?

Answer 34

Theta model or carin’s theta model | Was suggested by carin

Question 35

What are endospores?

Answer 35

They are Thick walled,highly resistant bodies within the cell Oval in shape,Central or terminal in position

Question 36

Number of endospore is produced by a single bacterial cell is

Answer 36

One

Question 37

Endospore has an anticoagular nature due to presence of

Answer 37

Ca-dipocolonic acid in cortex layer of wall

Question 38

e- for photolithoautotrophic bacteria ?

Answer 38

Organic or inorganic substance like hydrogen sulphide or thiosulphate

Question 39

e- for photorganoheterotrophic

Answer 39

Organic matter and carbon source

Question 40

e- for chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria

Answer 40

Inorganic substances

Question 41

From where do photo organoheterotrophic get energy?

Answer 41

Light or sunlight

Question 42

What factors cause the slow down of rapid growth of bacteria ?

Answer 42

Shortage is space Lack of nutrient availability Presence of bacteriophages