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History > King Richard I and King John > Flashcards

King Richard I and King John Flashcards

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1
Q

What years was Richard I king between?

A

1189-119

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2
Q

What years was John king between?

A

1199-1216

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3
Q

What was a crusade?

A

A holy war against Islamic armies in the holy land

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4
Q

What was a Medieval King expected to do?

A

Enforce justice
Be a strong ruler
Defend their country from attack

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5
Q

What was the principle of primogeniture and was this followed in the 12th century?

A

The eldest son becomes king

No this wasn’t followed as people became king for other reasons

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6
Q

What was itinerant kingship?

A

The practice of the king and his court travelling from place to place around the counrty

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7
Q

How did itinerant kingship help with encourage loyalty from subjects?

A

It ensured that everyone knew he was king

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8
Q

What does hierarchy mean?

A

A way of organising society by authority levels, the most important person at the top

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9
Q

What were the four main ranks in the system?

A

King, Barons, Knights, Peasents

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10
Q

What were the peasants’ role in the system?

A

They worked on land that was owen by their lord

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11
Q

What were the three types of peasants in the feudal system?

A

Villein, Cottar, Freeman

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12
Q

What were two features of Labour Service?

A

Had to work for their overlord by collecting harvest for farming the land
They didn’t owe military service as it was the duty of their lords to protect them

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13
Q

Why did both Richard and John tax people so heavily?

A

They were both at war for long periods of time

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14
Q

What was the tallage tax?

A

It was paid by people who were residents in the royal demesne
It was only paid by peasants and townsmen

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15
Q

What were the main things that Medievel Kings could call on their subjects to make certain payments for?

A

Payment to ransom the king from captivity
Payment to provide a dowry for the kinds oldest daughter
Warship fines

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16
Q

What were two features of wardship fines?

A

It was paid when a baron died and his heir was under age

The King would decide where the wards lived, what education and training they would receive

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17
Q

What were forest fines?

A

The king could claim forest fines for people living, working, hunting and foraging on land that belonged to him

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18
Q

What is the feudal system?

A

How England was organised in Medieval times

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19
Q

What was the Angevin Empire?

A

The territory that King Richard I and King John owned in England, Normandy and south of Normandy

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20
Q

Who was King Henry II?

Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine?

A

Richard and John’s father

Richard and John’s mother

21
Q

Whos is the Pope?

A

The head of the Catholic Christian Church

22
Q

Where is the Holy land?

Where is Normandy?

A

Jerusalem

North France

23
Q

What is interdict?

What is excommunication?

A

A ban on Church festivals

Getting kicked out of the Catholic Church

24
Q

What is the Magna Carta?

A

A document that guaranteed certain rights that the Barons of England made King John sign in 1215

25
Q

Who was William Marshall?

A

He was a protector of the young King who took over after John’s death in 1216

26
Q

What did Richard I fail to do when he went on his crusade?

A

Capture Jerusalem back from Christians from the armies of Saladin

27
Q

Who took land from Richard in Normandy?

A

Phillip II

28
Q

What did Richard build in Normandy to defend his land there?

A

Chateau Gaillard

29
Q

By 1204, what had John lost and what was reason for his nickname?

A

Normandy-lost most of his territory on the continent

30
Q

Why did John quarrel with his barons?

A

Increased taxes, harsh fines, arbitary power

31
Q

Did John change his ways after signing Magna Carta?

A

No he ignored it - got the Pope to declare it illegal

32
Q

What did the barons do after John got the Pope to say the Magna Carta was illegal?

A

Started a civil war - invited Prince Louis to be King in England

33
Q

What was the Royal Demesne?

A

Land the King kept for himself

34
Q

What did Barons have to take in order to secure land?

A

Oath of Fealty

35
Q

What is primogeniture?

A

The principle that the oldest son becomes King

36
Q

Why were kings itinerant?

A

To be seen by their people - encourage loyality

37
Q

What did people think of the king after he has been anoited with holy oils?

A

Was truly a King in the eyes of God

38
Q

How established was the principle of primogeniture?

A

Not very

39
Q

What were expectations of the King?

A

To protect people from external and internal threats

40
Q

What is the Oath of Fealty?
What was a vassal?
What was forfeiture?

A

Loyalty exchanged for land
Someone in a debt of loyalty to you
The loss of land following breaking of loyalty

41
Q

What was Knight service?

What was labour service?

A

The provision of military services to the king

Work for overlords in collecting harvests

42
Q

What was anti-semitism?
What was a usury?
What was a pogrom?

A

Hatred of Jewish people
Money-lending for profit
A violent attack

43
Q

What specific things did King Richard need finance for during his reign?

A

The third crusade
Ransom
Normandy-Chateau Gaillard

44
Q

Why was John in an unfortunate position at the start of his reign?

A

Inherited heavy financial burchary

45
Q

What specific things did King John need finance for during his reign?

A

Normandy in France

46
Q

What demands did Richard I make to his father?

A

He was to become king before John

Richard and Phillip bullied Henry II into accepting Richard as the next King

47
Q

How long was Richard I ever in the country?

A

He was only in the country for 6 months

48
Q

What happened to/in England and France while he was in the holy land?

A

Phillip had taken over his land in France and Prince John rebelled against him

49
Q

How much did Richard spend on building Chateau Gaillard in Normandy?

A

Around £12000

History (1 decks)

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