King Richard I and King John Flashcards
What years was Richard I king between?
1189-119
What years was John king between?
1199-1216
What was a crusade?
A holy war against Islamic armies in the holy land
What was a Medieval King expected to do?
Enforce justice
Be a strong ruler
Defend their country from attack
What was the principle of primogeniture and was this followed in the 12th century?
The eldest son becomes king
No this wasn’t followed as people became king for other reasons
What was itinerant kingship?
The practice of the king and his court travelling from place to place around the counrty
How did itinerant kingship help with encourage loyalty from subjects?
It ensured that everyone knew he was king
What does hierarchy mean?
A way of organising society by authority levels, the most important person at the top
What were the four main ranks in the system?
King, Barons, Knights, Peasents
What were the peasants’ role in the system?
They worked on land that was owen by their lord
What were the three types of peasants in the feudal system?
Villein, Cottar, Freeman
What were two features of Labour Service?
Had to work for their overlord by collecting harvest for farming the land
They didn’t owe military service as it was the duty of their lords to protect them
Why did both Richard and John tax people so heavily?
They were both at war for long periods of time
What was the tallage tax?
It was paid by people who were residents in the royal demesne
It was only paid by peasants and townsmen
What were the main things that Medievel Kings could call on their subjects to make certain payments for?
Payment to ransom the king from captivity
Payment to provide a dowry for the kinds oldest daughter
Warship fines
What were two features of wardship fines?
It was paid when a baron died and his heir was under age
The King would decide where the wards lived, what education and training they would receive
What were forest fines?
The king could claim forest fines for people living, working, hunting and foraging on land that belonged to him
What is the feudal system?
How England was organised in Medieval times
What was the Angevin Empire?
The territory that King Richard I and King John owned in England, Normandy and south of Normandy
Who was King Henry II?
Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine?
Richard and John’s father
Richard and John’s mother
Whos is the Pope?
The head of the Catholic Christian Church
Where is the Holy land?
Where is Normandy?
Jerusalem
North France
What is interdict?
What is excommunication?
A ban on Church festivals
Getting kicked out of the Catholic Church
What is the Magna Carta?
A document that guaranteed certain rights that the Barons of England made King John sign in 1215
