Kinetics- Absorption and distribution Flashcards
Oral
GI route- Swallowing- easiest for patient, most complicated for absorption. pH of stomach may inactivate capsules, tabs, syrups, suspensions, powders, etc.
Sublingual
GI route- under tongue through capillaries. Quick to systemic circulation.
Buccal
GI route- in cheek- Treating local inflammation in throat and mouth. May need to refrain from drinking to ensure reaches full potential
Rectal
GI- In anus, good for pt with N/V. Suppositories and enemas
Intradermal
Parenteral route- Med stays in dermis- allergy testing and TB
Intramuscular
Parenteral- quick absorption in blood stream. 10-15 until active
Subcutaneous
Parenteral- Into fat- slow release
Intravenous
Parentreral- fastest way into blood stream. Immediate absorption and availability. IV Push, drip or infusion
Inhalation
Breathing in- rapid absrbtion, good for resp system meds
Transdermal
Skin absorption- patches rely on delayed release through skin
Intrathecal
Injection into spinal cord- arachnoid space- analgesics and chemotheraputics
Delayed release
Not taken as often- maintain therapeutic range longer. Good for short 1/2 lives
Enteric coating
Formulated to withstand pH of stomach. Drugs inactivated by acidic pH of stomach can be absorbed by sm intestine.
Parental route
Not subject to first pass metabolism, not affected by GI tract. High bioavailability.
Implanted pumps
Insulin for DM patients- subcutaneous route. Bypasses GI route.
Depot
Intramuscular injection- allows slow release over sustained period of time
Patient controlled administration
Narcotics and other pain relievers. Oral, Infusion pump, patches. Patients control how often taken based on pain.
Loading dose
Initial high dose of drug to get to steady state. Followed by maintenance dose. Best for slow eliminating drugs.
