kinetics Flashcards
What is required for a reaction to take place according to collision theory?
Particles must collide with enough energy (activation energy) and the correct orientation to react.
What factors are necessary to achieve a lot of collisions in a reaction?
A lot of particles per unit volume and fast-moving particles in a small space.
Why do most collisions not result in a reaction?
Due to wrong conditions such as wrong orientation or not enough energy.
What is activation energy (E_a)?
The minimum amount of kinetic energy that particles need to react.
What is the effect of low activation energy on reactions?
Reactions with low activation energy often happen easily.
What do exothermic reactions do?
Release heat energy.
In an exothermic reaction, how does the energy of reactants compare to products?
Energy of reactants is higher than the energy of products.
What is the transition state in a reaction?
The point where reactants turn into products, characterized by the highest potential energy.
What do endothermic reactions require?
The input of heat energy.
In an endothermic reaction, how does the energy of products compare to reactants?
Energy of products is higher than the energy of reactants.
What happens to the rate of reaction as reactant particles are used up?
The rate decreases to 0 where all the reactant particles are converted into products.
What does the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution illustrate?
The range of energies among particles in a gas or solution.
What is true about the energy of particles in a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution?
No particles have 0 energy, and most have intermediate energies around the peak.
How does increasing concentration or pressure affect the rate of reaction?
It increases the rate of reaction due to more particles per unit volume.
True or False: Increasing temperature decreases the rate of reaction.
False
What effect does temperature have on the average energy of particles?
It increases the average energy as more particles have energy greater than the activation energy.
How does increasing surface area affect the rate of reaction?
It increases the rate by exposing more particles to the reaction.
What happens to the most probable energy peak in the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve at higher temperatures?
The peak is lower and moves to the right.
What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
To speed up the rate of the reaction by providing an alternate pathway with lower activation energy.
How do catalysts affect the activation energy?
They lower the activation energy, allowing more particles to have sufficient energy to react.
What is an example of a catalyst used in the Haber process?
Iron.
