Kinetics Flashcards
what are the 5 ways to increase the RoR
increase temp
increase surface area (solids)
increase concentration (solutions)
increase pressure (gaseous)
add a catalyst
how do catalysts work
lower activation energy by providing an alternate pathway for the reaction
define rate of reaction
the amount of reactant used up per second
OR
the amount of product produced per second
how can we measure RoR (3)
- measure volume of gas produced with a gas syringe
- measure change in mass of reactants
- timing colour changes of reactants
how can you tell a reaction has finished on a graph
it plateus
what is the graph name to show factors affecting RoR
maxwell-boltzmann distribution curve
what does Emp mean on a maxwell-boltzmann distribution curve
most probable energy, the peak of the curve
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what does E mean on a maxwell-boltzmann distribution curve
the average energy
what does the area under a maxwell-boltzmann distribution curve represent
the total number of molecules / particles
why does the maxwell-boltzmann distribution curve start at 0
as there are no particles with 0 energy
why does the maxwell-boltzmann distribution curve not touch the x axis
there are no limits to the energy of a particle
what is the x and y axis of a maxwell-boltzmann distribution curve
x = energy
y = number of molecules
how do maxwell-boltzmann distribution curves show how activation energy decreases with catalysts
draw a line further left of the curve to represent Ea with catalyst, and one further right to represent without, shade this region
what happens to the maxwell-boltzmann distribution curve when temp increases
the curve shifts to the right and is more squashes (the most probable energy levels out)
what happens to the maxwell-boltzmann distribution curve when temp decreases
curve shifts to the left, peak becomes higher and becomes more narrow
how are catalysts used in real life
as catalytic converters in cars to convert harmful CO and NOx gases into CO2, N2 and H2O
what elements do catalytic converters use
platinum
rhodium
paladeium
why does increasing concentration increase the rate of reaction
there are more particles so the frequency of succesful collisions increases
does increasing pressure effect the maxwell-blotzman curve
no
