Kinetic theory of Particles Flashcards
State the structure of solid liquid and gases?
Solids have a definite volume and shape at a given temperature which may be affected by changes in temperature
A liquid at any given temperature has a definite volume but no fixed shape
A gas at a given temperature has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume
Describe the arrangement of particles of solid , liquid and gases
For a solid there are strong intermolecular forces between the particles which hold them close together. (The particles are tightly packed together and arranged in an orderly manner) The structure is also known as regular or lattice
(The particles of Liquids are closely packed but are arranged in disorderly manner ) as they move in a random way and often collide with one another. They have less stronger forces of attraction then solids between their molecules
(In gas the particles are relatively far apart and arranged in a disorderly manner.)
Describe the motion of the particles in solid, liquid and gas
The particles in solid vibrate about there fixed places
The particles in liquid move more freely as they can slide over each other. They move around in a random way and often collide with one another.
The particles in move randomly at very high velocities. They collide with each other but less often then a liquid
Describe and explain changes of state (melting) in terms of kinetic particle theory
If a solid is heated the particles of that solid gain kinetic energy which causes them to vibrate faster. This makes them push their neighboring particles away. This is expansion. The heat energy causes the intermolecular forces between the particles to weaken causing the regular structure of the solid to breakdown and the particles can now move around each other . Melting has happened.
Describe and explain changes of state (boiling, evaporation) in terms of kinetic particle theory
Upon being heated the particles gain more kinetic energy and move around even faster. Some particles at the top will gain enough kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular forces between themselves and they escape to form a gas(Evaporation). Eventually a temperature is reached at which particles have gained so much kinetic energy and overcome intermolecular forces that bubbles of gas start to form inside the liquid(boiling)
Describe and explain changes of state (condensing) in terms of kinetic particle theory
When a gas is cooled the avg KE of the particle decreases due to which intermolecular forces grow stronger and come into action and the particles start to come closer. The forces of attraction now become really strong and cause the gas to condense into a liquid
Describe and explain changes of state (freezing) in terms of kinetic particle theory?
When water is cooled the particles avg KE decreases causing the intermolecular forces to takeover which cause the particles of the liquid to come together even more and causing it to freeze
How does a heating curve look like?
(water) When heat is applied Well first there is a constant increase in temperature then it stops at 0 degrees and a horizontal line forms.(Melting of ice into water). Then once again temperature increases uniformly until 100 degrees is reached and then a horizontal line forms once again .(Boiling of water into steam). Then the temperature continues to rise uniformly again.
How does a cooling curve look like?
(water) When steam is cooled Well first there is a constant decrease in temperature then it stops at 100 degrees and a horizontal line forms.(Cooling of vapour into water). Then once again temperature decreases uniformly until 0 degrees is reached and then a horizontal line forms once again .(Freezing of water into ice). Then the temperature continues to decrease uniformly again.
Explain diffusion
Diffusion is the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Describe how the rate of diffusion is impacted by temperature?
An increase in temperature increases the rate of diffusion as diffusion happens because of motion of the particles and increase in temperature causes an increase in the KE of the particle which causes diffusion to happen more quickly and a decrease in temperature reduces the rate of diffusion
Describe how the Mr relative molecular mass determines the rate of diffusion?
A greater Mr means a lesser rate of diffusion whereas a lesser Mr means a greater Rate of Diffusion
List 2 factors that impact the rate of diffusion?
The temperature and the Relative molecular mass
What is the relation between pressure and a gas?
A volume of gas and pressure have an inversely proportional relation meaning an increase in the pressure causes the volume of a gas to decrease. This happens because there are huge distances between the particles of a gas when pressure is applied gasses particles adjust between the spaces between them which also increases their density
What is the relation between a gas and temperature ?
The relation between the volume of a gas and increase in the temperature is directly proportional as the the temperature of the gas is increased the particles gain kinetic energy which causes them to travel at greater velocities and move even further apart from each other causing the volume of the gas to increase.
