Kinetic Theory Of Gases Flashcards
What is thermodynamics?
The study of energy, heat, and work in chemical systems.
True or False: The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
True
Fill in the blank: The change in internal energy (ΔU) of a system is equal to the heat added to the system (Q) minus the work done by the system (W). This is expressed as ΔU = _____ - W.
Q
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
It states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a state function? A) Heat B) Work C) Internal Energy D) Temperature
C) Internal Energy
What does the term ‘enthalpy’ (H) refer to?
The total heat content of a system, defined as H = U + PV.
True or False: A spontaneous process occurs without the input of external energy.
True
What is Gibbs free energy (G) used to predict?
The spontaneity of a process at constant temperature and pressure.
Fill in the blank: The formula for Gibbs free energy is G = _____ - TS.
H
What is the significance of a negative ΔG?
It indicates that a process is spontaneous.
Multiple Choice: Which process is endothermic? A) Ice melting B) Water freezing C) Combustion of gasoline D) Condensation of steam
A) Ice melting
What does the term ‘entropy’ (S) measure?
The disorder or randomness of a system.
True or False: Entropy always increases in an isolated system.
True
What is the Third Law of Thermodynamics?
As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy approaches a constant minimum.
Fill in the blank: The heat capacity at constant volume is denoted as _____.
Cv
What is the difference between heat and temperature?
Heat is the energy transferred due to temperature difference, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction? A) Photosynthesis B) Respiration C) Melting ice D) Boiling water
B) Respiration
What does it mean when a reaction is at equilibrium?
The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, and concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
True or False: The enthalpy change for a reaction is the same regardless of the pathway taken.
True
Fill in the blank: The standard enthalpy change of formation (ΔHf°) is defined for the formation of 1 mole of a compound from its _____ elements.
standard
What is the role of a calorimeter?
To measure the heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction.
Multiple Choice: Which law is used to calculate the heat transfer in a calorimeter? A) Hess’s Law B) Boyle’s Law C) Charles’s Law D) Avogadro’s Law
A) Hess’s Law
What is meant by ‘heat of reaction’?
The amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical reaction.
True or False: In an endothermic reaction, the system absorbs heat from the surroundings.
True
