kinetic theory and conduction

Question 1

characteristics of liquids

Answer 1

weaker forces of attraction between particles, particles close together but can move past each other and form irregular arrangements. more energy than particles in solids, move in random directions at low speeds

Question 2

characteristics of gases

Answer 2

almost no forces of attraction between particles, particles have more energy than those in liquids and solids and they are free to move, travel in random directions at low speeds

Question 3

what is conduction?

Answer 3

the process where vibrating particles pass on their extra kinetic energy to neighboring particles

Question 4

what does conduction lead to?

Answer 4

a rise in temperature at the other side of the solid so an increase in the heat radiating from its surface

Question 5

why is conduction faster in denser solids?

Answer 5

the particles are closer together and so will collide more often and pass energy between them. materials with larger spaces between particles conduct hear much more slowly (insulators)

Question 6

why do metals conduct heat so well?

Answer 6

because the electrons are free to move inside the metal, at the hot end the electrons move faster and collide with other free electrons, transferring energy, these collide with other electrons etc faster than slowly passing energy between jostling neighbouring atoms

Question 7

characteristics of solids

Answer 7

strong forces of attraction hold particles close together in a fixed regular arrangement, the particles don’t have much energy so they can only vibrate in their fixed positions