Kinetic Theory Flashcards
What are all substances made up of?
Particles
What is kinetic energy?
Particle movement
What does the kinetic energy do?
Increases the temperature
What is the shape of a solid?
Fixed
What is the volume of a solid?
Fixed
What is the particle movement of a solid?
Vibrate from side to side
What are the forces of attraction between particles of a solid?
Strong
What is the particle energy of a solid?
Low energy
What are examples of a solid at room temperature?
Wood and a pencil
What is the shape of a liquid?
Takes the shape of the bottom of the container
What is the volume of a liquid?
Fixed
What is the particle movement of a liquid?
Move around each other
What are the forces of attraction between particles of a liquid?
Fairly strong
What is the particle energy of a liquid?
Medium energy
What are examples of a liquid at room temperature?
Water
What is the shape of a gas?
Takes the shape of the entire container
What is the volume of a gas?
No fixed volume
What is the particle movement of a gas?
Random in all directions
What are the forces of attraction between particles of a gas?
Weak
What is the particle energy of a gas?
Lots of energy
What are examples of a gas at room temperature?
Air, oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is it called when a solid changes to a liquid?
Melting
What is it called when a liquid changes to a gas?
Evaporation
What is it called when a gas changes to a liquid?
Condensation
What is it called when a liquid changes to a solid?
Freezing
What is sublimation?
When a solid changes to a gas without going through the liquid phase and vice versa
What is the result of the sublimation of a white solid powder experiment?
The solid doesn’t melt, however there was no solid left at the end. The solid changed directly into a gas. This is known a sublimation
What is the conclusion of the sublimation of a white solid powder experiment?
The white solid changes directly from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid phase. This is known as sublimation
Does was water feel cold?
Yes
How quickly does water evaporate from your finger?
Slowly
Does oil feel cold?
No
How quickly does oil evaporate from your finger?
It didn’t cool your finger, you had wipe it off
Does ethanol feel cold?
Yes, it was the coldest
How quickly does ethanol evaporate from you finger?
Fast
What is the conclusion of the not all liquids evaporate at the same rate experiment?
Not all liquids evaporate at the same rate
What does melting point/freezing point mean?
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
What is the freezing point/melting point of pure water?
0°C
What does boiling point mean?
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
What is the boiling point of pure water?
100°C
What is the room temperature?
20oC
What is the melting point of a solid?
Above 20oC
What is a liquids melting point?
Below 20oC
What is the boiling point of a liquid?
Above 20oC
What is the melting and boiling point of a gas?
Below 20oC
What is solvent?
A liquid that dissolves in a solute
What is a solute?
A solid that dissolves in a solvent
What is a solution?
The mixture formed when a solute dissolves and mixes fully with a solvent
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The particles mix with other particles
Why does a gas diffuse faster than a liquid?
The gas particles are moving around faster than the particles in a liquid because they have more energy. This means that the gas particles will spread out more quickly
What happens when we increase the temperature of a material?
When we increase a material’s temperature, we increase the energy of its particles and the material will expand, regardless of whether it is a solid, a liquid or a gas
What happens when we heat a solid?
Solids expand on heating because the more heat energy there is in the solid, the faster its particles will vibrate and they push their neighbours further away
What happens when we heat a liquid?
The particles in a liquid move around each other more when it is heated, and take up more room. A thermometer works by expansion and contraction of the liquid inside it
What happens when we heat a gas?
The particles in a gas move more quickly in all directions when it is heated, and take up more room
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid and gas
What is the observations of the expansion and contraction of a gas experiment?
At the start the liquid does not fill the the tube
After heating with our hands bubbles of gas are produced in the liquid
On cooling liquid is drawn up the tube and into the round bottom flask
What is the conclusion of the expansion and contraction of a gas experiment?
Increasing the temperature of the gas increases the energy of its particles. This causes the gas to expand. Decreasing the temperature of the gas decreases the energy of its particles causing it to contract
What is the observations for the changing of the volume of a gas experiment?
When the plunger is pushed in the volume of gas decreases
On letting go of the plunger, it returns to its original value as the volume of gas increases
What is the conclusion of the volume of a gas experiment?
The volume of a gas depends on the temperature and pressure of the gas
Increasing the temperature of a gas will increases the volume whereas increasing the pressure will decreases its volume
What is a heating curve?
A graph to show temperature change of a substance on heating
What is a cooling curve?
A graph to show temperature change of a substance on cooling?
What is temperature?
The amount of thermal energy that a material processes
What is kinetic theory?
Describes the arrangement and movement of particles is solids, liquids and gases
At what temperature does a liquid solidify?
75oC
What happens when you remove the cover slip of a gas jar of air on top of a gas jar of bromine?
Bromine slowly moves up and mixes with the air particles. The brown gas eventually spreads evenly
