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Kinetic Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What are all substances made up of?

A

Particles

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2
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Particle movement

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3
Q

What does the kinetic energy do?

A

Increases the temperature

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4
Q

What is the shape of a solid?

A

Fixed

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5
Q

What is the volume of a solid?

A

Fixed

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6
Q

What is the particle movement of a solid?

A

Vibrate from side to side

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7
Q

What are the forces of attraction between particles of a solid?

A

Strong

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8
Q

What is the particle energy of a solid?

A

Low energy

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9
Q

What are examples of a solid at room temperature?

A

Wood and a pencil

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10
Q

What is the shape of a liquid?

A

Takes the shape of the bottom of the container

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11
Q

What is the volume of a liquid?

A

Fixed

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12
Q

What is the particle movement of a liquid?

A

Move around each other

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13
Q

What are the forces of attraction between particles of a liquid?

A

Fairly strong

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14
Q

What is the particle energy of a liquid?

A

Medium energy

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15
Q

What are examples of a liquid at room temperature?

A

Water

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16
Q

What is the shape of a gas?

A

Takes the shape of the entire container

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17
Q

What is the volume of a gas?

A

No fixed volume

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18
Q

What is the particle movement of a gas?

A

Random in all directions

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19
Q

What are the forces of attraction between particles of a gas?

A

Weak

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20
Q

What is the particle energy of a gas?

A

Lots of energy

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21
Q

What are examples of a gas at room temperature?

A

Air, oxygen and carbon dioxide

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22
Q

What is it called when a solid changes to a liquid?

A

Melting

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23
Q

What is it called when a liquid changes to a gas?

A

Evaporation

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24
Q

What is it called when a gas changes to a liquid?

A

Condensation

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25
What is it called when a liquid changes to a solid?
Freezing
26
What is sublimation?
When a solid changes to a gas without going through the liquid phase and vice versa
27
What is the result of the sublimation of a white solid powder experiment?
The solid doesn't melt, however there was no solid left at the end. The solid changed directly into a gas. This is known a sublimation
28
What is the conclusion of the sublimation of a white solid powder experiment?
The white solid changes directly from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid phase. This is known as sublimation
29
Does was water feel cold?
Yes
30
How quickly does water evaporate from your finger?
Slowly
31
Does oil feel cold?
No
32
How quickly does oil evaporate from your finger?
It didn't cool your finger, you had wipe it off
33
Does ethanol feel cold?
Yes, it was the coldest
34
How quickly does ethanol evaporate from you finger?
Fast
35
What is the conclusion of the not all liquids evaporate at the same rate experiment?
Not all liquids evaporate at the same rate
36
What does melting point/freezing point mean?
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
37
What is the freezing point/melting point of pure water?
0°C
38
What does boiling point mean?
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
39
What is the boiling point of pure water?
100°C
40
What is the room temperature?
20oC
41
What is the melting point of a solid?
Above 20oC
42
What is a liquids melting point?
Below 20oC
43
What is the boiling point of a liquid?
Above 20oC
44
What is the melting and boiling point of a gas?
Below 20oC
45
What is solvent?
A liquid that dissolves in a solute
46
What is a solute?
A solid that dissolves in a solvent
47
What is a solution?
The mixture formed when a solute dissolves and mixes fully with a solvent
48
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The particles mix with other particles
49
Why does a gas diffuse faster than a liquid?
The gas particles are moving around faster than the particles in a liquid because they have more energy. This means that the gas particles will spread out more quickly
50
What happens when we increase the temperature of a material?
When we increase a material’s temperature, we increase the energy of its particles and the material will expand, regardless of whether it is a solid, a liquid or a gas
51
What happens when we heat a solid?
Solids expand on heating because the more heat energy there is in the solid, the faster its particles will vibrate and they push their neighbours further away
52
What happens when we heat a liquid?
The particles in a liquid move around each other more when it is heated, and take up more room. A thermometer works by expansion and contraction of the liquid inside it
53
What happens when we heat a gas?
The particles in a gas move more quickly in all directions when it is heated, and take up more room
54
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid and gas
55
What is the observations of the expansion and contraction of a gas experiment?
At the start the liquid does not fill the the tube After heating with our hands bubbles of gas are produced in the liquid On cooling liquid is drawn up the tube and into the round bottom flask
55
What is the conclusion of the expansion and contraction of a gas experiment?
Increasing the temperature of the gas increases the energy of its particles. This causes the gas to expand. Decreasing the temperature of the gas decreases the energy of its particles causing it to contract
55
What is the observations for the changing of the volume of a gas experiment?
When the plunger is pushed in the volume of gas decreases | On letting go of the plunger, it returns to its original value as the volume of gas increases
56
What is the conclusion of the volume of a gas experiment?
The volume of a gas depends on the temperature and pressure of the gas Increasing the temperature of a gas will increases the volume whereas increasing the pressure will decreases its volume
57
What is a heating curve?
A graph to show temperature change of a substance on heating
58
What is a cooling curve?
A graph to show temperature change of a substance on cooling?
59
What is temperature?
The amount of thermal energy that a material processes
60
What is kinetic theory?
Describes the arrangement and movement of particles is solids, liquids and gases
61
At what temperature does a liquid solidify?
75oC
62
What happens when you remove the cover slip of a gas jar of air on top of a gas jar of bromine?
Bromine slowly moves up and mixes with the air particles. The brown gas eventually spreads evenly

Chemistry Revision Notes (3 decks)

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