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chemistry revision notes > Kinetic Theory > Flashcards

Kinetic Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all substances made up of?

A

Particles

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2
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Particle movement

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3
Q

What does the kinetic energy do?

A

Increases the temperature

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4
Q

What is the shape of a solid?

A

Fixed

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5
Q

What is the volume of a solid?

A

Fixed

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6
Q

What is the particle movement of a solid?

A

Vibrate from side to side

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7
Q

What are the forces of attraction between particles of a solid?

A

Strong

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8
Q

What is the particle energy of a solid?

A

Low energy

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9
Q

What are examples of a solid at room temperature?

A

Wood and a pencil

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10
Q

What is the shape of a liquid?

A

Takes the shape of the bottom of the container

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11
Q

What is the volume of a liquid?

A

Fixed

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12
Q

What is the particle movement of a liquid?

A

Move around each other

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13
Q

What are the forces of attraction between particles of a liquid?

A

Fairly strong

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14
Q

What is the particle energy of a liquid?

A

Medium energy

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15
Q

What are examples of a liquid at room temperature?

A

Water

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16
Q

What is the shape of a gas?

A

Takes the shape of the entire container

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17
Q

What is the volume of a gas?

A

No fixed volume

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18
Q

What is the particle movement of a gas?

A

Random in all directions

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19
Q

What are the forces of attraction between particles of a gas?

A

Weak

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20
Q

What is the particle energy of a gas?

A

Lots of energy

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21
Q

What are examples of a gas at room temperature?

A

Air, oxygen and carbon dioxide

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22
Q

What is it called when a solid changes to a liquid?

A

Melting

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23
Q

What is it called when a liquid changes to a gas?

A

Evaporation

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24
Q

What is it called when a gas changes to a liquid?

A

Condensation

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25
Q

What is it called when a liquid changes to a solid?

A

Freezing

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26
Q

What is sublimation?

A

When a solid changes to a gas without going through the liquid phase and vice versa

27
Q

What is the result of the sublimation of a white solid powder experiment?

A

The solid doesn’t melt, however there was no solid left at the end. The solid changed directly into a gas. This is known a sublimation

28
Q

What is the conclusion of the sublimation of a white solid powder experiment?

A

The white solid changes directly from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid phase. This is known as sublimation

29
Q

Does was water feel cold?

A

Yes

30
Q

How quickly does water evaporate from your finger?

A

Slowly

31
Q

Does oil feel cold?

A

No

32
Q

How quickly does oil evaporate from your finger?

A

It didn’t cool your finger, you had wipe it off

33
Q

Does ethanol feel cold?

A

Yes, it was the coldest

34
Q

How quickly does ethanol evaporate from you finger?

A

Fast

35
Q

What is the conclusion of the not all liquids evaporate at the same rate experiment?

A

Not all liquids evaporate at the same rate

36
Q

What does melting point/freezing point mean?

A

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid

37
Q

What is the freezing point/melting point of pure water?

A

0°C

38
Q

What does boiling point mean?

A

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas

39
Q

What is the boiling point of pure water?

A

100°C

40
Q

What is the room temperature?

A

20oC

41
Q

What is the melting point of a solid?

A

Above 20oC

42
Q

What is a liquids melting point?

A

Below 20oC

43
Q

What is the boiling point of a liquid?

A

Above 20oC

44
Q

What is the melting and boiling point of a gas?

A

Below 20oC

45
Q

What is solvent?

A

A liquid that dissolves in a solute

46
Q

What is a solute?

A

A solid that dissolves in a solvent

47
Q

What is a solution?

A

The mixture formed when a solute dissolves and mixes fully with a solvent

48
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The particles mix with other particles

49
Q

Why does a gas diffuse faster than a liquid?

A

The gas particles are moving around faster than the particles in a liquid because they have more energy. This means that the gas particles will spread out more quickly

50
Q

What happens when we increase the temperature of a material?

A

When we increase a material’s temperature, we increase the energy of its particles and the material will expand, regardless of whether it is a solid, a liquid or a gas

51
Q

What happens when we heat a solid?

A

Solids expand on heating because the more heat energy there is in the solid, the faster its particles will vibrate and they push their neighbours further away

52
Q

What happens when we heat a liquid?

A

The particles in a liquid move around each other more when it is heated, and take up more room. A thermometer works by expansion and contraction of the liquid inside it

53
Q

What happens when we heat a gas?

A

The particles in a gas move more quickly in all directions when it is heated, and take up more room

54
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid and gas

55
Q

What is the observations of the expansion and contraction of a gas experiment?

A

At the start the liquid does not fill the the tube
After heating with our hands bubbles of gas are produced in the liquid
On cooling liquid is drawn up the tube and into the round bottom flask

55
Q

What is the conclusion of the expansion and contraction of a gas experiment?

A

Increasing the temperature of the gas increases the energy of its particles. This causes the gas to expand. Decreasing the temperature of the gas decreases the energy of its particles causing it to contract

55
Q

What is the observations for the changing of the volume of a gas experiment?

A

When the plunger is pushed in the volume of gas decreases

On letting go of the plunger, it returns to its original value as the volume of gas increases

56
Q

What is the conclusion of the volume of a gas experiment?

A

The volume of a gas depends on the temperature and pressure of the gas
Increasing the temperature of a gas will increases the volume whereas increasing the pressure will decreases its volume

57
Q

What is a heating curve?

A

A graph to show temperature change of a substance on heating

58
Q

What is a cooling curve?

A

A graph to show temperature change of a substance on cooling?

59
Q

What is temperature?

A

The amount of thermal energy that a material processes

60
Q

What is kinetic theory?

A

Describes the arrangement and movement of particles is solids, liquids and gases

61
Q

At what temperature does a liquid solidify?

A

75oC

62
Q

What happens when you remove the cover slip of a gas jar of air on top of a gas jar of bromine?

A

Bromine slowly moves up and mixes with the air particles. The brown gas eventually spreads evenly

chemistry revision notes (3 decks)

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