Kinetic theory Flashcards
Kinetic refers to___
Motion
The energy of an object has because of its motion is called _____
Kinetic energy
What does kinetic energy explain?
The states of matter based on the concept that the particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion
Do gases have attraction/repulsion?
No
Do liquids have attraction/repulsion?
Yes
Relationship between Kinetic Energy and Temperature?
Direct
Why is the relationship between KE and T direct?
Because when there’s an increase in temperature, the molecules move faster, so more KE.
What temperature is when the motion of particles stops?
0 K
Is 0K obtainable at real conditions?
No, it’s impossible to do
The 3 assumptions of the kinetic theory:
- Gas particles are small, hard spheres with no volume and no attraction/repulsion
- Particles in a gas move rapidly in constant random motion but always in straight paths, only changing directions when colliding with one another/objects
- Collisions are perfectly elastic.
What’s it mean if a gas’ collisions are perfectly elastic?
No KE is lost when particles collide
What is gas pressure?
The force exerted by a gas per unit surface area.
What does gas pressure result from?
The collisions of gas particles with objects.
What is the SI unit of pressure?
The pascal (Pa)
1 atm= how many mmHg/torr
760 mmHg/torr
760 mmHg/torr=how many kPa
101.3 kPa
What equipment is used to measure atmospheric pressures?
Barometers
What equipment is used to measure gas pressure?
Manometers
What is the conversion of a liquid to a gas called?
Vaporization
How does evaporation occur?
When a liquid turns to a gas at the SURFACE of a liquid that is NOT boiling.
Does vaporization occur at boiling point?
YES
Volatile liquids
Liquids that evaporate at room temperature
Examples of volatile liquids?
Water, gasoline.
What type of process is evaporation?
COOLING
Why is evaporation a coolig process?
B/c particles with the highest energy escape first!
Example of why evaporation is a cooling process?
Sweat particles
Define the boiling point
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is EQUAL to the external pressure on the liquid.
The boiling point changes if the external pressure changes!
yes
what is the pressure of the boiling point
1 atm
are solids compressible or incompressible?
Incompressible
What’s the similaraity between the melting point and freezing point?
They’re the same temperature.
Why do all ionic solids have high melting points
Due to the relatively strong forces holding them together
