kinetic particles Flashcards
For Molecular relative mass and distance travelled to be inversely proportional,they have to be
related by a constant value
the kinetic particle theory states that
all matter is made up of tiny particles, particles are in constant and random motion
smaller molecular relative mass
the faster the particles travel
the motion of solids in soup is caused by
liquid particles moving and bumping into solids
the dancing dust that you see in a beam of light is the result of
air particles moving and bumping into dust, air particlles are too small to see so we can only see the dust moving
less air, more
water go thru
particles in evaporation
particles have enough energy to escape as a gas from the surface of the liquid
volatile liquids evaporate quickly at
room temp (perfume, petrol)
particles in condensation
when temp drops, gas particles lose kinetic energy, more closer together, increase in attractive forces, gas becomes liquid
particles in sublimation
the forces of attraction between particles in liquid state are too weak to remain in this state
how do we show diffusion
by placing a gas jar of air over a gas jar of bromine vapour, a few minutes later after the cover is removed, the gas in both jars look the same
in high energy environment, plasma is another state of matter which
electrically charged particles are found in the gaseous state
macroscopic level
bulk properties
sub microscopic level
particles
symbolic level
H2O (s) - solid
the arrangement and motion of particles in the solid state is
closely packed in an orderly manner, they vibrate and rotate around their fixed positions
why does a solid have a fixed shape and volume
the particles of a solid are held together by a very strong force of attraction. they cannot move around freely. A solid cannot be compressed since its particles are already very close to one another
arrangement and motion of particles in the liquid state
disorderly and close together, not as close as particles in a solid, they slide and roll over one another, they are able to move throughout the liquid volume
why does a liquid have no fixed shape and have volume
forces of attraction between the particles of a liquid are weaker(but still strong) than those in a solid. the particles of a liquid are not held in a fixed position, they can move throughout the liquid by sliding over one another. particles of the liquid are still too close together to be compressed
arrangement of particles in the gaseous state
random and very far apart, they move at high speeds in all directions
Condensation
Loses kinetic energy that is converted to thermal energy
Is transferred to the surroundings, forces of attraction
Is stronger
when matter is heated or cooled, thermal energy is
taken in or given out
particles during melting
when they gain thermal energy, they vibrate faster about fixed positions and gain enough energy to overcome forces of attraction between them. they begin to break away from fixed positions and slide over one another and move freely
