Kinetic Particle Theory Flashcards
Meaning of matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Meaning of particle
Building block of matter
Melting
The process by which a solid turns into a liquid at its melting point
Boiling
At which as liquid turns into a gas at its boiling point
Condensation
The process by which a gas turns into a liquid
freezing
The process by which a liquid turns into a solid
Sublimation
The process at which a solid turns directly into a gas without melting
Evaporation
The conversion of liquid to its vapour below the boiling temperature of the liquid
Deposition
When a gas turns directly into a solid
Kinetic Particle Theory states:
“All matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant random motion and constantly collide with one another”
A scientific theory is?
A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world
Matters can be classified as…
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
Arrangement of particles in a solid
The particles of a solid are closely packed in an orderly pattern with very little space between them
Arrangement of particles in a liquid
The particles of a liquid are closely packed in a disorderly manner, with slightly more spaces between them than in a solid
Arrangement of particles in a gas
The particles of a gas are very far apart from one another in a disorderly manner
Movement of particles in a solid
Vibrate and rotate about their fixed positions
Movement of particles for liquids
Slide over one another
Movement of particles for gases
Rapidly and freely in all directions
Energy level of particles in a solid
Low
Energy level of particles in a liquid
Moderate
Energy level of particles in a gas
High
Shape of particles in a solid
DEFINITE SHAPE as the particles cannot move about freely
Shape of particles in a Liquid
NO DEFINITE SHAPE, but takes the shape of the container as particles ARE ABLE TO MOVE ABOUT
Shape of particles in a gas
NO DEFINITE SHAPE, but takes the shape of the container as particles ARE ABLE TO MOVE ABOUT
Volume of solids
FIXED VOLUME as particles are closely packed and there is LITTLE/ ALMOST NO SPACE BETWEEN PARTICLES
Volume of liquids
FIXED VOLUME as particles are closely packed and there LITTLE SPACE BETWEEN PARTICLES
Volume of gases
- NO FIXED VOLUME. Gases can be COMPRESSED
- There are LARGE SPACES BETWEEN THE PARTICLES, hence, particles can come closer together or move further away
Expansion
When matter is heated, the particles gain energy and move faster and further apart. Thus, volume increases
Contraction
When matter is cooled, the particles and move slower and closer together. Thus, volume decreases.
Similarities between evaporation and boiling
Both involves the change from liquid to gas
Difference between evaporation and boiling
- Evaporation occurs at the surface only while boiling occurs throughout the liquid
- Evaporation occurs below boiling point and Boiling occurs when temperature reaches boiling point
