Kinetic Particle Theory Flashcards
Properties of solid
Packing of particles: Tightly packed and arranged in an orderly manner
Movement of particles: Can only vibrate about fixed positions
Shape: Fixed Shape
Volume: Fixed volume and not easily compressed
Properties of liquid
Packing of particles: Packed closely together but not as tightly as in solids. No regular arrangement
Movement of particles: Particles slide past each other
Shape: No fixed Shape
Volume: Fixed volume and not easily compressed
Properties of gas
Packing of particles: Spaced far apart from each other
Movement of particles: Particles move freely at high speeds
Shape: Np fixed shape
Volume: No fixed volume and easily compressed
Melting
particles absorb heat and vibrate more vigorously, allowing them to overcome forces of attractions holding them in fixed arrangements
Freezing
particles release heat and move more slowly. forces of attractions are formed and the particles are held in a fixed and orderly arrangement
Boiling
particles absorb heat and gain more kinetic energy, move fast enough to overcome the forces of attraction
Evaporation
particles at the surface gain sufficient energy to escape into the surroundings
Condensation
particles release heat and move more slowly, the forces of attraction are then able to hold the particles closely
Why is graph flat at the melting and boiling point? (for heating)
Heat supplied is used to overcome forces of attraction between particles
Why is graph flat at the melting and boiling point? (for cooling)
Bonds are formed , which produces heat, hence graph remains flat
What is diffusion?
Particles move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
Factors affecting diffusion?
Molecular formula:
particles with higher mass move more slowly than particles with lower mass
Temperature:
Rate of diffusion is greater as particles have more kinetic energy and can move faster
