Kinetic Molecular Theory

Question 1

Postulate 1

Answer 1

All matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms, molecules)

Question 2

Postulate 2

Answer 2

Particles are in a constant, random motion (straight lines)
Collide with each other & walls of container. When collide with walls container exerts a pressure.

Question 3

Postulate 3

Answer 3

The particles DO NOT repel or attract each other, so they are elastic.

Question 4

Postulate 4

Answer 4

The particles are soooooo small compared to the distances between them, that their volume is considered to be zero. (Point Mass)

Question 5

Postulate 5

Answer 5

The Kinetic Energy (KE) of the particles is directly proportional to the Kelvin Temperature.

Question 6

What is the formula for pressure?

Answer 6

Force/Area

Question 7

Force/area

Answer 7

PRESSURE

Question 8

Force/AREA

Answer 8

pressure

Question 9

What is pressure caused by? (2)

Answer 9

1. Force of the collisions with the container walls.
2. Number of collisions with container walls.

Question 10

List the factors that affect pressure (3)

Answer 10

1. Add more particles
2. Decrease Vloume
3. Increase heat = Increase KE = Increase Collisions

Question 11

Atmospheric Pressure

Answer 11

Pressure exerted on the earth by the gas molecules in the atmosphere. Higher at lower altitudes

Question 12

What are the standard units of pressure?

Answer 12

1 ATM = 750 mmHg = 760 Torr = 101.3 kPa = 14.7 lbs/in²

Question 13

What is the formula for KE?

Answer 13

½mv²

Question 14

Temperature

Answer 14

The average KE of the sample
(Same Temp. —-> Same KE)

Question 15

True or False: If Gas A and Gas B are held at the same temperature, the kinetic energy of both gasses is the same?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

If Gas A and Gas B have the same average kinetic energy, but Gas B is 3x heavier than Gas A which Gas will have the higher/faster velocity?

Answer 16

Gas A

Question 17

Energy always moves from ______ to _____

Answer 17

High; Low

Question 18

How is temperature related to the KE of a gas?

Answer 18

Measures average KE of the particles

Question 19

In order to transfer heat energy from a warm object to a colder object what must happen to the particles?

Answer 19

The particles must collide/touch with each other

Question 20

°C —-> K

Answer 20

Tk = Tc° + 273

Question 21

°F —> °C

Answer 21

Tf = 1.8 * °C + 32

Question 22

What does absolute zero mean in terms of molecular motion?

Answer 22

There is no molecular motion or pressure of any kind

Question 23

Solid: Motion, Shape, Volume

Answer 23

Motion) Vibrate around a fixed point
Shape) Definite
Volume) Definite

Question 24

Liquid: Motion, Shape, Volume

Answer 24

Motion) Vibrate around a fixed point
Shape) Indefinite - takes shape of container
Volume) Definite

Question 25

Gas: Motion, Shape, Volume

Answer 25

Motion) Random straight lines
Shape) Indefinite - takes shape of container
Volume) Indefinite - takes shape of container

Question 26

Point A

Answer 26

Solid

Question 27

Point B

Answer 27

Liquid

Question 28

Point C

Answer 28

Gas

Question 29

Solid —> Liquid/Liquid —> Solid

Answer 29

Melting/Freezing
Temp where pressure of solid = pressure of liquid

Question 30

Liquid —> Gas/Gas —> Liquid

Answer 30

Vaporization/Condensation
Temp where pressure of liquid = pressure of gas

Question 31

Solid —> Gas/Gas —> Solid

Answer 31

Sublimation/Deposition

Question 32

Triple Point

Answer 32

Temp & pressure where Solid, Liquid, Gas exist at the same time

Question 33

Critical Point

Answer 33

Temp & pressure above which no amount of pressure can liquefy the gas

Question 34

Graham’s Law Formula

Answer 34

Va/Vb = square root(Mb/MA

Gas A = Lighter Gas
Gas B = Heavier Gas